{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:13:10Z","timestamp":1781939590090,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":128,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Methane (CH4) produced from enteric fermentation is a potent greenhouse gas produced by ruminant animals. Multiple measurements are required across life stages to develop an understanding of how CH4 output changes throughout the animal\u2019s lifetime. The objectives of the current study were to estimate CH4 output across life stages in sheep and to investigate the relationship between CH4 output and dry matter (DM) intake (DMI). Data were generated on a total of 266 female Suffolk and Texel animals. Methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) output, estimated using portable accumulation chambers, and DMI, estimated using the n-alkane technique outdoors and using individual penning indoors, were quantified across the animal\u2019s life stage; as lambs (&amp;lt;12 mo), nulliparous hoggets (12 to 24 mo) and ewes (primiparous or greater;\u2005&amp;gt;\u200524 mo). Ewes were further classified as pregnant, lactating, and dry (non-pregnant and non-lactating). Multiple measurements were taken within and across the life stages of the same animals. A linear mixed model was used to determine if CH4 and CO2 output differed across life stages and using a separate linear mixed model the factors associated with CH4 output within each life stage were also investigated. Methane, CO2 output, and DMI differed by life stage (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05), with lactating ewes producing the greatest amount of CH4 (25.99 g CH4\/d) and CO2 (1711.6 g CO2\/d), while also having the highest DMI (2.18 kg DM\/d). Methane output differed by live-weight of the animals across all life stages (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.001). As ewe body condition score increased CH4 output declined (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05). Correlations between CH4 output measured across life stages ranged from 0.26 (SE 0.08; lambs and lactating ewes) to 0.59 (SE 0.06; hoggets and pregnant ewes), while correlations between CO2 output measured across life stages ranged from 0.12 (SE 0.06; lambs and hoggets) to 0.65 (SE 0.06; hoggets and lactating ewes). DMI was moderately correlated with CH4 (0.44; SE 0.04) and CO2 output (0.59; SE 0.03). Results from this study provide estimates of CH4 output across life stages in a pasture-based sheep production system and offer valuable information for the national inventory and the marginal abatement cost curve on the optimum time to target mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T07:55:11Z","timestamp":1715154911000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Methane output across life stages in sheep, how it differs from lambs to adult ewes using portable accumulation chambers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Edel O'","family":"Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre , Athenry, H65 R718 , Ireland"},{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Belfield, D04 V1W8 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00f3ir\u00edn","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre , Fermoy, P61 P302 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoin","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre , Athenry, H65 R718 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy M","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Belfield, D04 V1W8 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre , Athenry, H65 R718 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norann","family":"Galvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre , Fermoy, P61 P302 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona M","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre , Athenry, H65 R718 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4859","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky308","article-title":"Relationships among carbon dioxide, feed intake, and feed efficiency traits in ad libitum fed beef cattle","volume":"96","author":"Arthur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0002","first-page":"114","article-title":"Genetic parameters for methane production and relationships with production traits in Australian beef cattle","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics,","author":"Donoghue","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115001251","article-title":"Methane emissions from two breeds of beef cows offered diets containing barley straw with either grass silage or brewers\u2019 grains","volume":"9","author":"Duthie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15234","article-title":"Hot topic: selecting cattle for low residual feed intake did not affect daily methane production but increased methane yield","volume":"102","author":"Flay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859615000544","article-title":"Effect of breed and pasture type on methane emissions from weaned lambs offered fresh forage","volume":"153","author":"Fraser","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74431-7","article-title":"Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins","volume":"85","author":"Hayirli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8273","article-title":"Measures of methane production and their phenotypic relationships with dry matter intake, growth, and body composition traits in beef cattle","volume":"92","author":"Herd","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.11.004","article-title":"Development of prediction models for quantification of total methane emission from enteric fermentation of young Holstein cattle at various ages","volume":"183","author":"Jiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15656","article-title":"Methane emissions from lactating and non-lactating dairy cows and growing cattle fed fresh pasture","volume":"57","author":"Jonker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0010","first-page":"3905","article-title":"Sheep from low-methane-yield selection lines created on alfalfa pellets also have lower methane yield under pastoral farming conditions","volume":"95","author":"Jonker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky187","article-title":"Genetic parameters of methane emissions determined using portable accumulation chambers in lambs and ewes grazing pasture and genetic correlations with emissions determined in respiration chambers","volume":"96","author":"Jonker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0012","article-title":"Portable accumulation chambers for enteric methane determination in sheep","volume-title":"Guideline for estimating methane emissions from individua ruminants using: GreenFeed, sniffers, hand-held laser detector and portable accumulation chambers","author":"Jonker","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003356100024120","article-title":"A note on the growth performance and carcass composition of Texel-and Suffolk-sired lambs in an intensive feeding system","volume":"30","author":"Latif","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0014","first-page":"2391","article-title":"Climate Change 2021","volume-title":"The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600066910","article-title":"The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake","volume":"107","author":"Mayes","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txaa206","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa206","article-title":"Phenotypic factors associated with lamb live weight and carcass composition measurements in an Irish multi-breed sheep population","volume":"4","author":"McGovern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.115025","article-title":"Validating the n-alkane technique for determining herbage dry matter intake in sheep offered perennial ryegrass harvested at varying growth stages and seasons","volume":"279","author":"McGovern","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0018","first-page":"2944","article-title":"Measuring methane in sheep production systems\u2013phenotypic factors affecting output","volume-title":"In Proc. 12th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Technical and species orientated innovations in animal breeding, and contribution of genetics to solving societal challenges","author":"McGovern","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17915","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17915","article-title":"Can live weight be used as a proxy for enteric methane emissions from pasture-fed sheep","volume":"5","author":"Moorby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0021","first-page":"91","article-title":"Modified neutral detergent cellulase digestibility procedure for use with the\u2019Fibertec\u2019system","volume":"28","author":"Morgan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Irish J. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENG.2017.03.018","article-title":"Methane emissions from grazing holstein-friesian heifers at different ages estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique","volume":"3","author":"Morrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2020.106241","article-title":"Correlations between feed intake, residual feed intake and methane emissions in Maternal Composite ewes at post weaning, hogget and adult ages","volume":"192","author":"Muir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1071\/AN20634","article-title":"Automated feeding of sheep. 2. Feeding behaviour influences the methane emissions of sheep offered restricted diets","volume":"62","author":"Muir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skab132","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab132","article-title":"Investigation of intra-day variability of gaseous measurements in sheep using portable accumulation chambers","volume":"99","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skab288","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab288","article-title":"Repeatability of gaseous measurements across consecutive days in sheep using portable accumulation chambers","volume":"99","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0027","first-page":"2905","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101140","article-title":"Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from sheep measured using both respiration and portable accumulation chambers","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3361","article-title":"Effects of a perennial ryegrass diet or total mixed ration diet offered to spring-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on methane emissions, dry matter intake, and milk production","volume":"94","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17447","article-title":"Variation in methane production over time and physiological state in sheep","volume":"59","author":"Oddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2017.1499","article-title":"More feed efficient sheep produce less methane and carbon dioxide when eating high-quality pellets","volume":"95","author":"Paganoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(97)00031-X","article-title":"Methane emissions from sheep","volume":"27","author":"Pelchen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000968","article-title":"Animal board invited review: genetic possibilities to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants","volume":"9","author":"Pickering","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.03.024","article-title":"Effects of stocking rate on methane and carbon dioxide emissions from grazing cattle","volume":"121","author":"Pinares-Pati\u00f1o","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.067","article-title":"Assessment of the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique using respiration chambers for estimation of methane emissions from sheep","volume":"166-167","author":"Pinares-Pati\u00f1o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.068","article-title":"Repeatability of methane emissions from sheep","volume":"166-167","author":"Pinares-Pati\u00f1o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-63-113-2020","article-title":"Assessment of methane emission traits in ewes using a laser methane detector: genetic parameters and impact on lamb weaning performance","volume":"63","author":"Reintke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121136","article-title":"Methane and carbon dioxide emission of beef heifers in relation with growth and feed efficiency","volume":"9","author":"Renand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0039","author":"Robinson","year":"2010"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9092","article-title":"Comparison of repeated measurements of methane production in sheep over 5 years and a range of measurement protocols","volume":"93","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600024874","article-title":"Subjective assessment of body fat in live sheep","volume":"72","author":"Russel","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac349","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac349","article-title":"Phenotypic relationship and repeatability of methane emissions and performance traits in beef cattle using a GreenFeed system","volume":"100","author":"Ryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15766","article-title":"Updated predictions of enteric methane emissions from sheep suitable for use in the New Zealand national greenhouse gas inventory","volume":"58","author":"Swainson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.2005.9513671","article-title":"Methane emission from sheep grazing four pastures in late summer in New Zealand","author":"Ulyatt","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/46.5.829","article-title":"Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin","volume":"46","author":"Van Soest","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9880659","article-title":"Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 11. The effect of pregnancy and early lactation on the digestion of a medium-quality roughage","volume":"39","author":"Weston","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4976","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3245","article-title":"Effect of pregrazing herbage mass on methane production, dry matter intake, and milk production of grazing dairy cows during the mid-season period","volume":"93","author":"Wims","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024052111554704400_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13402","article-title":"Genetic correlations between methane production and fertility, health, and body type traits in Danish Holstein cows","volume":"101","author":"Zetouni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae127\/57447321\/skae127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae127\/57798891\/skae127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae127\/57798891\/skae127.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T11:56:14Z","timestamp":1716292574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae127\/7666909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skae127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"article-number":"skae127"}}