{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T21:16:43Z","timestamp":1774559803900,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":210,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Consumption of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (EI) results in poor reproductive performance in domestic livestock. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the effects of ergovaline exposure during mid-gestation (days 93 through 188 of gestation) on dam performance, the growing female fetus, and the subsequent growth and reproductive performance of the gestationally exposed heifer calves. Pregnant Angus and Simmental-Angus cows were blocked by age (2 to 3, to 7, and &amp;gt;7\u00a0y), body weight (BW), and breed; and then randomly assigned to graze either novel endophyte-infected tall fescue (EN; &amp;lt;5% infection rate; n\u2005=\u200527 year 1, n\u2005=\u200516 year 2) or toxic EI (99% infection rate; n\u2005=\u200527 year 1, n\u2005=\u200517 year 2). Weekly BW, body condition scores (BCS), hair coat scores, hair shedding scores (HSS), and blood samples for progesterone (P4) analysis were collected from mid-April through July of 2017 (year 1) and 2018 (year 2). Gestation length, birth weight, placental characteristics, heifer calf growth, onset of puberty, ovarian characteristics, and artificial insemination pregnancy rates were measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cows grazing EI pastures had reduced average daily gain, reduced BCS, greater HSS, and decreased P4 concentrations compared to cows on EN pasture (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01). Birth weights were decreased for heifers whose dams were exposed to EI pastures during their second trimester (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01). Heifer pregnancy rates were not impacted by EI pasture exposure during gestation for either year of the study. However, a treatment-by-year effect was seen for the pregnancy rate for EI-exposed heifers in year 2; EI-exposed heifers in year 2 had increased pregnancy rates at two of the inseminations. Combined, these data reinforce that consumption of toxic EI during gestation can negatively impact both dam and offspring performance. More studies are needed to evaluate more parameters in an effort to elucidate the possible life-long impacts of ergovaline exposure during gestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T23:23:15Z","timestamp":1722295395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Examining the long-term impacts of ergot alkaloids on fetal heifer development and subsequent growth and reproductive performance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"McKenzie L J","family":"Haimon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"McKayla A","family":"Newsome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alecia R","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harrison","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel H","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0041","first-page":"19","article-title":"The use of reproductive tract scoring in beef heifers","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Agric. Pract."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30052-4","article-title":"Fescue toxicosis","volume":"17","author":"Blodgett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz068","article-title":"Ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation alters. I. Maternal characteristics and placental development of pregnant ewes","volume":"97","author":"Britt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.34325","article-title":"Black globe-humidity index (BGHI) as comfort equation for dairy cows","volume":"24","author":"Buffington","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.1.260","article-title":"Interaction of endophyte-infected fescue and heat stress on ovarian function in the beef heifer","volume":"65","author":"Burke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-06-0172","article-title":"Impact of maternal undernutrition on the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis responsiveness in sheep at different ages postnatal","volume":"192","author":"Chadio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2307\/1943155","article-title":"Fungal endophytes of grasses: a defensive mutualism between plants and fungi","volume":"69","author":"Clay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(79)90072-4","article-title":"Bovine testicular measurements as indicators of reproductive performance and their relationship to productive traits in cattle: a review","volume":"11","author":"Coulter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.733899x","article-title":"Equine fescue toxicosis: signs and solutions","volume":"73","author":"Cross","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78175-7","article-title":"Maternal endocrine and fetal metabolic responses to heat stress","volume":"74","author":"Dreiling","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1094\/FG-2007-1217-03-RS","article-title":"Agronomic performance of stockpiled tall fescue varies with endophyte infection status","volume":"5","author":"Drewnoski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forage Grazinglands"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2009.05.003","article-title":"Growth and reproductive performance of beef heifers grazing endophye-free, endophyte-infected and novel endophyte-infected tall fescue","volume":"125","author":"Drewnoski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E51","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2311","article-title":"Fetal programming of skeletal muscle development in ruminant animals","volume":"88","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2014.00068","article-title":"Exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation reduces fetal growth in sheep","volume":"2","author":"Duckett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Chem"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0773","article-title":"The role of the placenta in fetal programming - a review","volume":"23","author":"Godfrey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.02.009","article-title":"Differences in hair coat shedding, and effects on calf weaning weight and BCS among angus dams","volume":"140","author":"Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0014","volume-title":"Tall fescue for the twenty-first century","author":"Hoveland","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7082801","article-title":"Activities and effects of ergot alkaloids on livestock physiology and production","volume":"7","author":"Klotz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz069","article-title":"Ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation alters: II. Uterine and umbilical artery vasoactivity","volume":"97","author":"Klotz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.06.012","article-title":"Influence of progesterone on oocyte quality and embryo development in cows","volume":"76","author":"Lonergan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1672","article-title":"Effects of early gestational undernutrition on fetal growth, organ development, and placentomal composition in the bovine","volume":"87","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9969","article-title":"Effect of protein supplementation and forage allowance on the growth and reproduction of beef heifers grazing stockpiled tall fescue","volume":"94","author":"Lyons","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0794-7","article-title":"Heat stress, divergent nutrition level, and late pregnancy in hair sheep: effects upon cotyledon development and litter weight at birth","volume":"47","author":"Meza-Herrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.09.004","article-title":"Progesterone regulation of primordial follicle assembly in bovine fetal ovaries","volume":"313","author":"Nilsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.81180x","article-title":"Evidence of a major gene influencing hair length and heat tolerance in Bos taurus cattle","volume":"81","author":"Olson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0021","first-page":"4812","article-title":"Ergot alkaloids induce vasoconstriction of bovine uterine and ovarian blood vessels","volume":"96","author":"Poole","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0022","volume-title":"Impact of fescue toxicosis on the success of reproductive technologies","author":"Poole","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz024","article-title":"Impact of slilck hair trait on physiological and reproductive performance in beef heifers consuming ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue1","volume":"97","author":"Poole","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12120796","article-title":"Evaluation of resistance to fescue toxicosis in purebred angus cattle utilizing animal performance and cytokine response","volume":"12","author":"Poole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.68124267x","article-title":"Nutrition, body condition and reproduction in beef cows: fetal and placental development, and estrogens and progesterone in plasma","volume":"68","author":"Rasby","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1986.622300x","article-title":"Effect of varying levels of postpartum nutrition and body condition at calving on subsequent reproductive performance in beef cattle","volume":"62","author":"Richards","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00001a022","article-title":"HPLC method for quantitating ergovaline in endophyte-infested tall fescue: seasonal variation of ergovaline levels in stems with leaf sheaths, leaf blades, and seed heads","volume":"39","author":"Rottinghaus","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod2.3.408","article-title":"Ovarian follicular changes following unilateral ovariectomy in the cow","volume":"2","author":"Saiduddin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.05.716","article-title":"Effect of ergovaline, loline, and dopamine antagonists on rat pituitary cell prolactin release in vitro","volume":"55","author":"Strickland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"2024112513035150200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfy027","article-title":"Impact of heat stress on cow reproduction and fertility","volume":"9","author":"Wolfenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Front"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae210\/58675242\/skae210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae210\/60808036\/skae210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae210\/60808036\/skae210.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T13:04:08Z","timestamp":1732539848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skae210\/7723225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skae210","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"skae210"}}