{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:11:23Z","timestamp":1774267883293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Two experiments were conducted to determine: 1) the impact of strained rumen fluid (SRF) alone or SRF with particle-associated microorganisms (PAO) included and dilution on in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) and 2) the impact of trace mineral (TM) source on in vitro fermentation characteristics and TM solubility under simulated abomasal and intestinal conditions. In experiment 1, 3 cannulated steers were adapted to a diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirements for lactating dairy cows. Strained RF was obtained by straining rumen content through 2 layers of cheesecloth. Half of the remaining digesta was washed with McDougall\u2019s buffer and filtered through 2 layers of cheesecloth to obtain PAO. Both SRF and PAO were filtered again through 8 layers of cheesecloth. Strained RF was mixed with either McDougall\u2019s buffer (SRF) or PAO (SRF+\u2005+\u2005PAO) at a ratio of 1:2 or 1:4 and incubated at 39 \u00b0C for 12\u00a0h using the ground basal diet as the substrate. Digestibility of DM was greater in digestion tubes containing SRF and SRF\u2005+\u2005PAO at a 1:2 ratio. In experiment 2, 8 steers fitted with a ruminal cannula were blocked by body weight and assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups. Treatments consisted of 10\u00a0mg Cu, 40\u00a0mg Mn, and 60\u00a0mg Zn\/kg DM from either: 1) sulfate (STM) or 2) hydroxychloride (HTM) sources. Steers were housed in individual pens and fed the same diet as described in experiment 1. Dietary TM treatments were mixed with dried distiller grains and mixed in the diet, by hand, immediately after basal diet delivery. Dietary treatments were fed for 14 d. On day 15, SRF\u2005+\u2005PAO was collected from each steer (STM-RF and HTM-RF) and used in a series of in vitro crossover experiments. In vitro substrates (S) used were the ground diets consumed by the animals on each treatment (STM-S and HTM-S). Incubations containing HTM-S had greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and propionic acid molar proportions, but lesser (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) acetic acid molar proportions than STM-S. Rumen fluid from steers supplemented with HTM had a greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.03) total VFA than STM-RF at 24\u00a0h post incubation. After 12\u00a0h post incubation, the molar proportion of propionic acid in HTM-RF was lesser (P\u2005=\u20050.04) than in STM-RF. After simulated abomasal digestion, soluble Mn concentration in HTM-S was greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) than in STM-S. These data indicate that the source of TM can influence in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and Mn solubility under simulated abomasal conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T17:19:41Z","timestamp":1729531181000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trace mineral sources influence in vitro fermentation characteristics and trace mineral solubility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5603-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huey Yi","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Department of Animal Sciences , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry W","family":"Spears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Department of Animal Sciences , Raleigh, NC 27695 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Octavio","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Department of Animal Sciences , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Department of Animal Sciences , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler A","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Department of Animal Sciences , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry E","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Department of Animal Sciences , Fort Collins, CO, 80523 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110603360663000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2005.05.026","article-title":"Estimation of the stoichiometry of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen of lactating cows","volume":"238","author":"Bannink","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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