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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed type and implant administration on live performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical (IHC) outcomes. Forty-eight steers (average body weight [BW] = 417\u2005\u00b1\u200522\u00a0kg) were sorted by breed into groups of predominantly Angus (B), black-hided beef \u00d7 primarily Holstein (B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D), or Holstein (D), and half of the steers within each breed type were administered a steroidal implant. Data were analyzed as a 3\u2005\u00d7\u20052 factorial, including repeated measures for sera metabolite and IHC outcomes. Main effects were breed (B, B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D, or D) and implant status (no implant [CON] or Revalor-XS [200\u00a0mg trenbolone acetate + 40\u00a0mg estradiol-17\u03b2] on day 0 [IMP]). Interaction of main effects to determine breed-specific responses to implants were also evaluated. Steers were fed to a target final shrunk BW of 658\u00a0kg within breed type. Blood, longissimus thoracis biopsies, and BW were collected on days 0, 28, 70, 98, and 126; BW was also collected prior to harvest. Implanted steers had greater average daily gain (ADG), interim BW, and final BW (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.04). Overall ADG tended to be greatest (P\u2005=\u20050.07) in B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D steers. The IMP treatment, and B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D and D steers had increased (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) mean sera concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), compared to CON and B steers. The IMP carcasses had greater hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, and REA (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.03) and decreased KPH (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01). By analyzation of IHC, myosin heavy chain (MHC) Type I fibers were the largest and most abundant in D (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.03). Increased abundance of estrogen receptors and greatest G protein-coupled receptor-1 score was observed for D, while B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D were intermediate, and B had the fewest estrogenic receptors (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.02). Regardless of breed type, IMP steers had increased estradiol-17\u03b2 and trenbolone-17\u03b2 concentrations (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) with no effect on MHC fiber type and minimal effects on satellite cell outcomes. These results indicated B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D and IMP treatments increased muscling and decreased internal fat deposition compared to D and CON, respectively. Dairy-influenced breed types exhibited increased estrogenic receptor abundance. Additionally, few breed \u00d7 implant interactions suggest B, B\u2005\u00d7\u2005D, and D steers responded similarly to growth-promoting implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T10:14:16Z","timestamp":1736158456000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of implant status and breed type on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical responses in finishing steers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"K R","family":"Wesley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L K","family":"Fuerniss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F B","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P N","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J P","family":"Hutcheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Animal Health , Madison, NJ, 07940 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B J","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX, 79409 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025051010215880800_CIT0001","volume-title":"Effects of Finaplix, Synovex-S, and Ralgro implants, singularly or in combinations, on performance, carcass traits, and longissimus palatability of Holstein steers. 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