{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:06:52Z","timestamp":1753877212478,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Persistent low rumen pH (&amp;lt;5.8 to 5.6) is the most researched sign of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA), a disorder in cattle caused by consumption of a high-concentrate diet. Animals may ruminate less and eat forages to slow acid accumulation, but there are no other easily detectable signs of SARA. Our objective was to evaluate whether feeding behavior is correlated to daily time spent below reticulorumen pH 5.8 and 5.6. We predicted that the severity of daily fluctuation in pH below 5.8 would be negatively correlated to daily intake, the number of visits to the feed bin, and time spent eating, as decreases in these variables are indicative of sickness behavior. These aspects of feeding behavior are moderately, positively correlated to each other (r\u2005\u2265\u20050.3), thus do not represent 3 independent tests of our hypothesis, but rather, create an overall picture of feeding behavior. Eighteen steers were fed a high-concentrate finishing ration ad-libitum, with delivery twice daily into automated feed bins that measured feeding behavior. Wireless boluses measured reticulorumen pH in 10-min intervals continuously for 11.5\u2005\u00b1\u20050.9 d (mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005SD). The mean daily reticulorumen pH was 6.1\u2005\u00b1\u20050.2, the mean daily maximum pH was 6.7\u2005\u00b1\u20050.1, and the mean daily minimum pH was 5.5\u2005\u00b1\u20050.2 (mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005SD). The area under the curve (AUC) for pH below 5.8 and 5.6 for each 24-h day was calculated for each animal (AUC: 75.2\u2005\u00b1\u200515.5 and 30.3\u2005\u00b1\u20057.4 pH\u2005\u00d7\u2005min\/24\u00a0h, respectively, mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005SE). Repeated measures correlation analyses investigated the relationship between AUC and each of the behavioral variables. There was no correlation between time spent eating (74.0\u2005\u00b1\u20053.0\u00a0min\/24\u00a0h, mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005SE) or visits to the feed (27.0\u2005\u00b1\u20052.4 no.\/24\u00a0h) and AUC (r\u2005\u2265\u2005-0.072; P\u2005\u2265\u20050.34). A weak negative correlation existed between the dry matter intake (10.0\u2005\u00b1\u20050.2\u00a0kg\/24\u00a0h) and AUC\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005pH 5.6 (r\u2005=\u2005\u22120.164; P\u2005=\u20050.03), but not for AUC\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005pH 5.8 (r\u2005=\u2005\u22120.122, P\u2005=\u20050.10). The same analyses were conducted for daily AUC and the feeding behaviors on the following day to capture a delayed behavioral response, but no associations were detected (P\u2005\u2265\u20050.12). The feeding behaviors measured alone were not adequate to describe the severity of reticulorumen pH depression in finishing cattle. Individual variation in tolerance to low pH, adequate time to adapt to the finishing ration, and\/or selection pressures for weight gain may have contributed to the lack of a defined sickness response to SARA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T19:48:50Z","timestamp":1741290530000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short Communication: feeding behaviors are not correlated with area under the curve for reticulorumen pH below 5.8 and 5.6 in finishing steers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2519-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael E","family":"Coon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California , Davis, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra B","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California , Davis, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8247","article-title":"Effect of barley silage chop length and inoculation on growth performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal acidosis in finishing feedlot steers","volume":"93","author":"Addah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7599","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing","volume":"92","author":"Castillo-Lopez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skae049","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae049","article-title":"Cattle are more motivated for a high-concentrate diet than Sudan grass hay, despite low reticulorumen pH","volume":"102","author":"Coon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2024.106165","article-title":"Measuring motivation for alfalfa hay in feedlot cattle using voluntary interaction with an aversive stimulus","volume":"271","author":"Coon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coon R. E., and Tucker C. B.. 2025a. Data from: Short Communication: feed behaviors are not correlated with area-under-the-curve for reticulorumen pH below 5.8 and 5.6 in finishing steers. Dataset. Dryad. doi: 10.5061\/dryad.zw3r228h5","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf058"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coon R. E., and Tucker C. B.. 2025b. Data from: Short Communication: feed behaviors are not correlated with area-under-the-curve for reticulorumen pH below 5.8 and 5.6 in finishing steers. Software. Zenodo doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13257856","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf058"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15064","article-title":"Short communication: risk of subacute ruminal acidosis affects the feed sorting behavior and milk production of early lactation cows","volume":"102","author":"Coon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky165","article-title":"Effects of active dry yeast on ruminal pH characteristics and energy partitioning of finishing steers under thermoneutral or heat-stressed environment","volume":"96","author":"Crossland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2102","article-title":"Repeated ruminal acidosis challenges in lactating dairy cows at high and low risk for developing acidosis: feeding, ruminating, and lying behavior","volume":"92","author":"DeVries","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1071\/an14227","article-title":"Impact of severity of ruminal acidosis on feed-sorting behavior of beef cattle","volume":"54","author":"DeVries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7252","article-title":"The duration of time that beef cattle are fed a high-grain diet affects feed sorting behavior both before and after acute ruminal acidosis","volume":"92","author":"DeVries","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02902","article-title":"Alterations in sick dairy cows\u2019 daily behavioral patterns","volume":"5","author":"Dittrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.009","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle: interplay between feed ingredients, rumen function and feeding behavior (a review)","volume":"172","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2023-02482","article-title":"Relationship of liver abnormalities with carcass performance and value","volume":"40","author":"Grimes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(88)80004-6","article-title":"Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals","volume":"12","author":"Hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6880","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21751","article-title":"Different reticuloruminal pH metrics of high-yielding dairy cattle during the transition period in relation to metabolic health, activity, and feed intake","volume":"105","author":"Heirbaut","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.784825x","article-title":"Effects of energy intake, implantation, and subcutaneous fat end point on feedlot steer performance and carcass composition","volume":"78","author":"Hermesmeyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas10090","article-title":"Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa192","article-title":"Increasing the content of physically effective fiber in high-concentrate diets fed to beef heifers affects intake, sorting behavior, time spent ruminating, and rumen pH","volume":"98","author":"Llonch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.04.002","article-title":"Acidosis in feedlot cattle","volume":"23","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-478","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook","volume":"90","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0022","first-page":"89","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: physiology, pathophysiology, milk fat responses, and nutritional management","author":"Oetzel","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3378","article-title":"Ruminant nutrition symposium: molecular adaptation of ruminal epithelia to highly fermentable diets","volume":"89","author":"Penner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skad023","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad023","article-title":"Effect of physically effective neutral detergent fiber and undigested neutral detergent fiber on eating behavior, ruminal fermentation and motility, barrier function, blood metabolites, and total tract digestibility in finishing cattle","volume":"101","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.016","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: the physiological causes, incidence and consequences","volume":"176","author":"Plaizier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. J"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7141","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-21960","article-title":"Invited review: effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on gut health of dairy cows","volume":"105","author":"Plaizier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7222","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and relationships of lung lesions, liver abnormalities, and rumen health scores measured at slaughter in beef cattle","volume":"92","author":"Rezac","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anopes.2024.100063","article-title":"Sensor-captured modifications in cow behaviour under subacute ruminal acidosis","volume":"3","author":"Silberberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal - Open Space"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10351","article-title":"Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: targets for improving gut health","volume":"99","author":"Steele","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2020-0022","article-title":"Strategies to improve the efficiency of beef cattle production","volume":"101","author":"Terry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.259.8.899","article-title":"Evaluation of the reticulorumen pH throughout the feeding period for beef feedlot steers maintained in a commercial feedlot and its association with liver abscesses","volume":"259","author":"Theurer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2018.01.002","article-title":"The sickness response at and before clinical diagnosis of spontaneous bovine respiratory disease","volume":"201","author":"Toaff-Rosenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252315000171","article-title":"Beef cattle welfare in the USA: Identification of priorities for future research","volume":"16","author":"Tucker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev"},{"volume-title":"Feedlot 2011, part I: Management practices on U.S. Feedlots with a capacity of 1,000 or more head","year":"2013","author":"USDA","key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0034"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105233","article-title":"Machine learning to detect behavioral anomalies in dairy cows under subacute ruminal acidosis","volume":"170","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Elect. Ag"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skac159","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac159","article-title":"Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers","volume":"100","author":"Winders","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025040508323472300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.02.004","article-title":"Interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy cattle","volume":"93","author":"Zebeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf058\/62307170\/skaf058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf058\/62307170\/skaf058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf058\/62307170\/skaf058.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T08:32:44Z","timestamp":1743841964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf058\/8058575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-3163"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"skaf058"}}