{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:53:09Z","timestamp":1778251989629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We compared reticulorumen pH measurements determined using smaXtec boli (SMAX; smaXtec Inc., Graz, Austria), Moonsyst boli (MOON; Moonsyst International, Kinsale, Republic of Ireland), and a handheld pH meter (METER; PH8500 pH\/mV Meter, Apera, Columbus, OH) over time and during an ex vivo acidosis challenge. Eight ruminally cannulated heifers were used for 6 consecutive 21-d periods. On day 0, SMAX and MOON were placed in the reticulum of each heifer to continuously measure ruminal pH. On day 20 of each period, pH of ruminal digesta samples collected from 4 locations within the rumen were measured with METER prior to feeding and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24\u00a0h post-feeding. Over the 126-d, ruminal pH was lesser for MOON than METER in every period (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.01) with the difference becoming larger in periods 4 through 6 (treatment\u2005\u00d7\u2005period, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01). Measurements of pH with SMAX were greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) than METER from periods 1 to 3 and period 6. On day 21 of each period, boli were removed and placed sequentially in pH 4 and 7 solutions, each for 3\u00a0h. In pH 4 solution, a treatment\u2005\u00d7\u2005period interaction (P\u2005=\u20050.02) was observed where MOON and SMAX yielded measurements that were not different from pH 4 (P\u2005\u2265\u20050.13), except in period 6. Similarly, in pH 7, a treatment\u2005\u00d7\u2005period interaction (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) was observed where MOON yielded measurements less than pH 7 (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.05) in periods 4 to 6 whereas pH measurements with SMAX were greater than 7 (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.05) in periods 1 to 3. Boli were then placed in a container of strained ruminal fluid, and pH was measured using SMAX, MOON, and METER. Subsequently, vinegar was added to the ruminal fluid to simulate an acidosis challenge and pH was measured. The change in pH in response to vinegar addition as measured by METER was considered the true response. During the acidosis challenge, there were no treatment\u2005\u00d7\u2005period interactions (P\u2005=\u20050.34), pH measurements from MOON were similar (P\u2005=\u20050.36) to pH measurements from METER, and pH measurements from SMAX were greater (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01) than those from METER. Overall, ruminal pH measurements determined using SMAX and MOON drifted over time. During an acidosis challenge, MOON detected changes in pH similar to METER which may suggest that MOON could be capable in detecting acidotic events. Conversely, indwelling ruminal pH measurements determined using SMAX were more closely related to METER throughout the experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T04:37:57Z","timestamp":1745296677000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of indwelling monitoring technologies for measuring reticulorumen pH in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3447-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colton D","family":"Weir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1623-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary M","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler J","family":"Spore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Livestock Services Inc. , Great Bend, KS 67530 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axiota Animal Health , Fort Collins, CO 80528 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Cole","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R","family":"Hollenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7975-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan C","family":"Titgemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale A","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.1964.10416398","article-title":"Variations in the pH and volatile fatty acid concentration within the bovine reticulo-rumen","volume":"7","author":"Bryant","year":"1964","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(93)77492-5","article-title":"Continuous computer acquisition of feed and water intakes, chewing, reticular motility, and ruminal pH of cattle","volume":"76","author":"Dado","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9725","article-title":"Technical note: a comparison of reticular and ruminal pH monitored continuously with 2 measurement systems at different weeks of early lactation","volume":"99","author":"Falk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0004","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of animals in agricultural research and teaching","author":"Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS)","year":"2020","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4141\/a02-061","article-title":"Nutritionally related disorders affecting feedlot cattle","volume":"83","author":"Galyean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72735-1","article-title":"Effects of supplemental hay and corn silage versus full-time grazing on ruminal pH and chewing activity of dairy cows","volume":"88","author":"Graf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1071\/AN09048","article-title":"Evaluation of rumen probe for continuous monitoring of rumen pH, temperature and pressure","volume":"50","author":"Kaur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5635","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8038","article-title":"Technical note: Evaluation of a real-time wireless pH measurement system relative to intraruminal differences of digesta in dairy cattle","volume":"92","author":"Klevenhusen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0008","volume-title":"Expert opinion: evaluation of validation tests for in vivo measurements accuracy of the VetAsyst rumen temperature and pH monitoring system (Moonsyst Industrial Technologies)","author":"Konyves","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.23986\/afsci.71373","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the variations of pH and volatile fatty acid concentration of the rumen contents of the cow","volume":"27","author":"Lampila","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3220\/LBF_2013_61-68","article-title":"Evaluation of a device for continuous measurement of rumen pH and temperature considering localization of measurement and dietary concentrate proportion","volume":"63","author":"Loholter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Agric. Forestry Res"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2016000900008","article-title":"Major health problems and their economic impact on beef cattle under two different feedlot systems in Brazil","volume":"36","author":"Malafaia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet Bras"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0012","author":"Moonsyst","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.04.002","article-title":"Acidosis in feedlot cattle","volume":"23","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-478","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook","volume":"90","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12675","article-title":"Differences between pH of indwelling sensors and the pH of fluid and solid phase in the rumen of dairy cows fed varying concentrate levels","volume":"102","author":"Neubauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74090-3","article-title":"Evaluation of an indwelling ruminal probe methodology and effect of grain level on diurnal pH variation in dairy cattle","volume":"85","author":"Nocek","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.s0022-0302(06)72284-6","article-title":"An evaluation of the accuracy and precision of a stand-alone submersible continuous ruminal pH measurement system","volume":"89","author":"Penner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1970.313608x","article-title":"Influence of level and type of diet on ruminal pH and VFA, respiratory rate and EKG patterns of steers","volume":"31","author":"Rumsey","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72525-5","article-title":"Effects of rumen acid load from feed and forage particle size on ruminal pH and dry matter intake in the lactating dairy cow","volume":"89","author":"Rustomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-012-9528-8","article-title":"Diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous reticular pH measurements in cows","volume":"36","author":"Sato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.34776\/afs13-11e","article-title":"Assessment of two wireless reticulo-rumen pH sensors for dairy cows","volume":"13","author":"Schori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agroscope"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0022","author":"smaXtec. The smaXtec pH bolus","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117001677","article-title":"Relative reticulorumen pH indicators for subacute ruminal acidosis detection in dairy cows","volume":"12","author":"Villot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2025052714111973800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4421","article-title":"Invited review:\u00a0Role of physically effective fiber and estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle","volume":"95","author":"Zebeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf129\/62963208\/skaf129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf129\/62963208\/skaf129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf129\/62963208\/skaf129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T18:11:25Z","timestamp":1748369485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf129\/8117218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"skaf129"}}