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The overall total of 728 male White Pekin ducks (15 d old) were allocated to 13 experimental groups, with 6 different VD3 supplementation levels (100, 200, 400, 800, 1,200, and 2,000 IU\/kg), and 2 vitamin D3 sources (VD3 and 25-OH-D3), alongside a negative control group without vitamin D3 supplementation. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (2\u2005\u00d7\u20056 factorial, excluding control) and 1-way ANOVA for cholecalciferol vs 25-hydroxycholecalciferol comparisons. Polynomial contrasts evaluated dose responses, with paired t-tests comparing sources at each level. Vitamin D3 requirements were estimated using quadratic broken-line model. RBA values (25-OH-D3 vs cholecalciferol) were determined via slope-ratio regression (using feed-adjusted vitamin D3 intake as independent variable). Ducks fed the basal diet had significantly lower body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), plasma 25-OH-D3, calcium levels, and tibial mineralization (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05); however, all these parameters improved linearly or quadratically (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) with increased VD3 or 25-OH-D3 levels in the diet. Plasma Ca, tibial weight, strength, density, mineral, and ash were higher (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) in the 25-OH-D3 group in contrast with the VD3 group at 100 IU\/kg, with higher plasma 25-OH-D3 concentrations when given 400, 800, 1,200, or 2,000 IU\/kg (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05). Therefore, 25-OH-D3 was more efficient than VD3 in promoting Ca absorption and tibial mineralization. The optimal VD3 and 25-OH-D3 requirements of growing male Pekin ducks for growth and tibial development were 698 IU\/kg and 352 IU\/kg, respectively. The RBA of 25-OH-D3 compared to VD3 was 188%, based on slope-ratio comparisons from multiple linear regressions of plasma 25-OH-D3 concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T07:24:00Z","timestamp":1748244240000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relative bioavailability of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol vs. cholecalciferol and vitamin D3 requirements in White Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 d of age"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jindang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd , Rizhao 276800 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingkai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd , Rizhao 276800 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengkui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuisheng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072902015637200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.33714\/masteb.744882","article-title":"A binary logistic regression model for prediction of feed conversion ratio of Clarias gariepinus from feed composition data","volume":"10","author":"Adekunle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. 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