{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:07:18Z","timestamp":1782976038959,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Exposure to maternal heat stress during gestation and lactation reduces litter growth. Heat stress disrupts lipid metabolism and elevates the risk of oxidative damage to lipids. However, it remains unclear whether maternal heat stress during gestation and lactation affects lipid profiles of offspring. Buccal cheek cells, which can be collected noninvasively, provide a valuable source for assessing the metabolic response to such environmental challenges. A 2\u2005\u00d7\u20052 factorial study was conducted to investigate the impact of maternal cooling and supplementation with Moringa oleifera, a high-antioxidant feedstuff, on the lipid composition of buccal cells of neonates born to sows exposed to moderate heat stress conditions. Sows were assigned to one of four treatments: electronic cooling pad (ECP)\u2005+\u2005control corn\u2013soybean meal (CS) diet (n\u2005=\u20058), heat stressed (HS)\u2005+\u2005CS (n\u2005=\u20058), HS\u2005+\u20054% Moringa-supplemented diet (M; n\u2005=\u20058), ECP\u2005+\u2005M (n\u2005=\u20058). Piglet cheek cells were collected on day 19 postnatal using a cytology brush from two male and two female neonates per sow litter (n\u2005=\u2005128 neonates). Lipids were extracted and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling. Relative abundance of lipids was calculated, and MetaboAnalyst 6.0 was used for statistical analysis to assess the effects of cooling, diet, parity, and sex on the neonatal lipidome. Of the 887 MRM corresponding to lipids greater than blank samples, ECP significantly influenced the relative abundance of 255 lipids, while diet affected 80, parity influenced 272 lipids, and sex impacted 84 lipids (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05). Triacylglycerols (TGs) represented the majority of lipids altered by ECP. Compared to HS, ECP increased the total number of carbons in fatty acyl chains of TG, reduced TG with shorter chains, and increased the number of unsaturated bonds in TG molecules. Lipid profiles of neonates from Moringa-supplemented sows indicated the presence of plant-derived lipids and a greater level of lipids that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. The distribution of TG by carbon length varied by parity. TG and membrane lipids of female neonates had longer carbon lengths and greater unsaturated bonds than those of males. Neonate buccal cell lipid profiles mirrored ECP, Moringa, and parity influences on sow milk lipidome, supporting that milk lipids affect lipid composition of buccal cells of neonates. Future studies are warranted to investigate whether such lipid alterations affect the development of neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T11:43:53Z","timestamp":1754567033000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conductive cooling and <i>Moringa oleifera<\/i> supplementation of heat stressed sows during late gestation and lactation alters the cheek cell lipidome of neonatal pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Evy M","family":"Tobolski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9581-9235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leriana Garcia","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M","family":"Beckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4874-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonders","family":"Ogundare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKeeley","family":"Stansberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina R","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8614-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan P","family":"Schinckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radiah C","family":"Minor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro, NC 27411"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8835-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa M","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2019.107946","article-title":"Presence of lipid oxidation products in swine diet lowers pork quality and stability during storage","volume":"160","author":"Arowolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360438","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001654","article-title":"Review: maternal programming of development in the pig and the lactocrine hypothesis","volume":"13","author":"Bagnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.10.008","article-title":"Lactocrine programming of female reproductive tract development: Environmental connections to the reproductive continuum","volume":"354","author":"Bartol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/o59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2014.06.005.005","article-title":"Estrogen receptor signaling during vertebrate development","volume":"1849","author":"Bondesson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200403000-00006","article-title":"Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in men and women: nutritional and biological implications","volume":"7","author":"Burdge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.13031\/aea.12333","article-title":"Thermal capacity of hog-cooling pad","volume":"33","author":"Cabezon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Eng Agric"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.11.004","article-title":"Diacylglycerol, when simplicity becomes complex","volume":"32","author":"Carrasco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz183","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation impairs growth and viability of nursery pigs reared under commercial conditions","volume":"97","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111100067X","article-title":"Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity","volume":"5","author":"Devillers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0048","first-page":"2000\u2013","article-title":"The effect of diet on cardiovascular disease and lipid and lipoprotein levels","author":"Feingold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endotext [Internet]"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106840","article-title":"Factors affecting the production of quality ejaculates from boars","volume":"246","author":"Flowers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23565","article-title":"Litter-of-origin traits and their association with lifetime productivity in sows and boars","volume":"90","author":"Flowers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690590957098","article-title":"Composition, structure and absorption of milk lipids: a source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive molecules","volume":"46","author":"German","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1167","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid concentrations are higher in women than in men because of estrogenic effects","volume":"80","author":"Giltay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.7171\/jbt.13-2404-001","article-title":"A simple method of genomic DNA extraction from human samples for PCR-RFLP analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ghatak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023294","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1023294","article-title":"Thermoregulation mechanisms and perspectives for validating thermal windows in pigs with hypothermia and hyperthermia: an overview","volume":"9","author":"G\u00f3mez-Prado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164241","article-title":"Estrogen enhances the expression of the polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase Elovl2 via ER\u03b1 in breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bengtsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13618","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13618","article-title":"Composition and physiological functions of the porcine colostrum","volume":"92","author":"Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skab371","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab371","article-title":"Electronically controlled cooling pads can improve litter growth performance and indirect measures of milk production in heat-stressed lactating sows","volume":"100","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-26","article-title":"Improving efficiency of sow productivity: nutrition and health","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01120-9","article-title":"Heat stress in dairy cattle alters lipid composition of milk","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100349","article-title":"Review: what have we learned about the effects of heat stress on the pig industry","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfy035","article-title":"Heat stress adaptations in pigs","volume":"9","author":"Mayorga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Front"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skab189","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab189","article-title":"Biomarkers predictive of long-term fertility found in vaginal lipidome of gilts at weaning","volume":"99","author":"Mills","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bio060044","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.060044","article-title":"Low colostrum intake results in potential accumulation of peroxisome lipid substrates in vaginal tissue of 3-week-old gilts","volume":"12","author":"Mills","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731120000865","article-title":"A methodology for mapping current and future heat stress risk in pigs","volume":"14","author":"Mutua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txae156","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txae156","article-title":"The impact of cooling and Moringa supplementation on oxidative stress in serum and milk, including milk cytokines, in heat stressed lactating sows and their litters","volume":"9","author":"Ogundare","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.03.010","article-title":"Colostrum intake: influence on piglet performance and factors of variation","volume":"146","author":"Quesnel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306707","article-title":"Feeding sows milk biofortified with n-6 and n-3 modulates immune status of sows and drives positive transgenerational effects","volume":"19","author":"Reis","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3fc1f5fe.1972c438","DOI":"10.7171\/3fc1f5fe.1972c438","article-title":"Step-by-step approach to build multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling instrument acquisition methods for class-based lipid exploratory analysis by mass spectrometry","volume":"34","author":"Reis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020277","article-title":"Abiotic stress and reactive oxygen species: generation, signaling, and defense mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Sachdev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2019-01976","article-title":"Growth performance, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity of newly weaned piglets fed dietary peroxidized lipids with vitamin E or phytogenic compounds in drinking water","volume":"36","author":"Silva-Guillen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-020-00492-z","article-title":"Isolation and ex vivo cultivation of single myofibers from porcine muscle","volume":"56","author":"Stange","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skae356","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae356","article-title":"The effect of electronic cooling pads and Moringa oleifera supplementation from late gestation to weaning on sow production performance under heat stress conditions","volume":"102","author":"Stansberry","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000443","article-title":"Membrane lipids and cell signaling","volume":"28","author":"Sunshine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8535","article-title":"Relationships between day one piglet serum immunoglobulin immunocrit and subsequent growth, puberty attainment, litter size, and lactation performance","volume":"93","author":"Vallet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9644","article-title":"Litter-of-origin trait effects on gilt development","volume":"94","author":"Vallet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192529","article-title":"Short- and long-term exposure to heat stress differently affect performance, blood parameters, and integrity of intestinal epithelia of growing pigs","volume":"12","author":"V\u00e1squez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2330","article-title":"Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave","volume":"9","author":"van Meer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2061","article-title":"Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: it\u2019s not just about sex hormones","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"2025101601223004900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0291-8","article-title":"Recent progress of porcine milk components and mammary gland function","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf220\/64714241\/skaf220.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf220\/64714241\/skaf220.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T05:22:40Z","timestamp":1760592160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf220\/8287258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"skaf220"}}