{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:56:03Z","timestamp":1762322163766,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":286,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The size and angle of the vulva are economically important traits in pig production. Gilts with small or upward-tilted vulva are typically culled directly. Selective breeding aimed at improving vulva traits can enhance the retention rate of replacement gilts. This study aimed to systematically explore the key quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes influencing vulva traits in Large White pigs using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analysis techniques. Data on vulva length (VL), vulva width (VW), and vulva angle scores (VAS) were collected from 2,197 Large White gilts across three distinct populations (313 from PIC, 1,169 from Topigs, and 715 from Canada), with genotyping performed using a 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The SNP-chip data were imputed to the whole-genome sequencing (iWGS) level. This study used iWGS data to conduct GWAS, identifying a genomic region (SSC5: 103.04-103.34\u00a0Mb) significantly associated with VAS in both the Topigs and Canadian Large White pig populations. The significance of this region was further strengthened through multi-population meta-analysis. The most significant SNP (rs3470833446), identified on chromosome 14 and associated with VW in PIC Large White pigs, explained 16.98% of the phenotypic variation (PVE). Multi-population meta-analysis identified novel significant SNPs associated with VL on SSC4, VW on SSC1, SSC4, and SSC6, and VAS on SSC2 and SSC5. Furthermore, a significant potential pleiotropic QTL (SSC4: 36.42-41.24\u00a0Mb) regulating both VL and VW was identified. Bayes fine mapping was employed to determine the confidence intervals for these novel QTLs, with the most refined confidence interval narrowed down to 30\u00a0kb (SSC4: 38.73-38.76\u00a0Mb for VW, and SSC5: 103.20-103.23\u00a0Mb for VAS). Based on the biological functions of the genes, the following were identified as novel regulatory candidate genes for vulva traits: VIP, NAV3, and ESR1. These findings reveal potential key genes and genetic mechanisms influencing vulva traits in pigs, providing a crucial molecular genetic basis for improving pig breeding and reproductive performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:08:00Z","timestamp":1760011680000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated genome-wide association studies, meta-analysis, and Bayesian fine mapping reveal novel quantitative trait loci\u2019s and functional candidate genes for vulva traits in large white pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzhen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3461-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianghui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PIC China , Shanghai 201107 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Lihua Food Group Co.,Ltd , Changzhou 213000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingbo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University , Huaian 223005 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2148-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory in Nanjing for Evaluation and Utilization of Pigs Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China, Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University , Huaian 223005 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5607","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9502","article-title":"Implementing meta-analysis from genome-wide association studies for pork quality traits","volume":"93","author":"Bernal Rubio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0205576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205576","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis uncovers new candidate genes for growth and carcass traits in pigs","volume":"13","author":"Blaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0056-5","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for cattle stature identifies common genes that regulate body size in mammals","volume":"50","author":"Bouwman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1086\/521987","article-title":"Rapid and accurate haplotype phasing and missing-data inference for whole-genome association studies by use of localized haplotype clustering","volume":"81","author":"Browning","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.07.015","article-title":"A one-penny imputed genome from next-generation reference panels","volume":"103","author":"Browning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.176107","article-title":"Fine mapping causal variants with an approximate bayesian method using marginal test statistics","volume":"200","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-020-0834-9","article-title":"Genetic and genomic characterization of vulva size traits in Yorkshire and Landrace gilts","volume":"21","author":"Corredor","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"issue":"suppl_3","key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky404.245","article-title":"296 Genetic and genomic analysis of vulva size in Landrace and Yorkshire gilts","volume":"96","author":"Corredor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.19","article-title":"Improved imputation quality of low-frequency and rare variants in European samples using the \u2018Genome of The Netherlands\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Deelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1200","article-title":"G protein-coupled receptor 30 mediates estrogen-induced proliferation of primordial germ cells via EGFR\/Akt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"153","author":"Ge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txz173","article-title":"Identification of measures predictive of age of puberty onset in gilts","volume":"4","author":"Graves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D871","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1150","article-title":"Animal QTLdb: an improved database tool for livestock animal QTL\/association data dissemination in the post-genome era","volume":"41","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007829","article-title":"Improving the coverage of credible sets in Bayesian genetic fine-mapping","volume":"16","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx038","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of growth and fatness traits in two pig populations with different genetic backgrounds","volume":"96","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-024-02718-6","article-title":"Further evidence of biallelic NAV3 variants associated with recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphism, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral abnormalities","volume":"144","author":"Kakar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-128x(99)00107-5","article-title":"Estrogen receptor interaction with co-activators and co-repressors","volume":"65","author":"Klinge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1852","article-title":"Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; ER\u03b1), not ESR2 (ER\u03b2), modulates estrogen-induced sex reversal in the American alligator, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination","volume":"156","author":"Kohno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20582","article-title":"Novel method to estimate the phenotypic variation explained by genome-wide association studies reveals large fraction of the missing heritability","volume":"35","author":"Kutalik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009733","article-title":"Identifying causal variants by fine mapping across multiple studies","volume":"17","author":"LaPierre","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-017-0289-2","article-title":"Genome-wide association study for conformation traits in three Danish pig breeds","volume":"49","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac088","article-title":"ESR1 mediates estrogen-induced feminization of genetic male Chinese soft-shelled turtle\u2020","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2037","article-title":"Improved linear mixed models for genome-wide association studies","volume":"9","author":"Listgarten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13315","article-title":"Genome-wide association study reveals new QTL and functional candidate genes for the number of ribs and carcass length in pigs","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Genet"},{"article-title":"DMU - a package for analyzing multivariate mixed models in quantitative genetics and genomics","year":"2006","author":"Madsen","key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0026"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2002.6799","article-title":"Neuron navigator: a human gene family with homology to unc-53, a cell guidance gene from Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"80","author":"Maes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166207","article-title":"Growth impairment, increased placental glucose uptake and altered transplacental transport in VIP deficient pregnancies: Maternal vs. placental contributions","volume":"1867","author":"Merech","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Basis Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa210","article-title":"Evaluation of on-farm indicators of gilt reproductive performance potential at 21 days of age1","volume":"4","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-017-0301-x","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of imputed sequence variant genotypes and their utility for causal variant detection in cattle","volume":"49","author":"Pausch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skae036","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae036","article-title":"Unravelling novel and pleiotropic genes for cannon bone circumference and bone mineral density in Yorkshire pigs","volume":"102","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106943","article-title":"A transmembrane intracellular estrogen receptor mediates rapid cell signaling","volume":"307","author":"Revankar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txz160","article-title":"Methods for reproductive tract scoring as a tool for improving sow productivity","volume":"4","author":"Romoser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.06.007","article-title":"The discovery of VIP: initially looked for in the lung, isolated from intestine, and identified as a neuropeptide","volume":"28","author":"Said","year":"2007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331282","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1331282","article-title":"Increased Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing IVF","volume":"15","author":"Sallicandro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-017-0344-z","article-title":"Within-breed and multi-breed GWAS on imputed whole-genome sequence variants reveal candidate mutations affecting milk protein composition in dairy cattle","volume":"49","author":"Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2023.103905","article-title":"Neuron navigators: a novel frontier with physiological and pathological implications","volume":"127","author":"Sandeep","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.10.010","article-title":"Improved heritability estimation from genome-wide SNPs","volume":"91","author":"Speed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.18.0072","article-title":"The identification of novel regions for reproduction trait in Landrace and Large White pigs using a single step genome-wide association study","volume":"31","author":"Suwannasing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01585-7","article-title":"A compendium of genetic regulatory effects across pig tissues","volume":"56","author":"Teng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12386","article-title":"Establishment of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)-knockout medaka: ESR1 is dispensable for sexual development and reproduction in medaka, Oryzias latipes","volume":"59","author":"Tohyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005535","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of fine-mapping strategies at common variant GWAS loci","volume":"11","author":"van de Bunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-019-0445-y","article-title":"Imputation to whole-genome sequence using multiple pig populations and its use in genome-wide association studies","volume":"51","author":"van den Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.08.005","article-title":"GAPIT version 3: boosting power and accuracy for genomic association and prediction","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12638","article-title":"Genome-wide association study for reproductive traits in a Large White pig population","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-019-03473-3","article-title":"Advances in genome-wide association studies of complex traits in rice","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12181","article-title":"VIP and PACAP: neuropeptide modulators of CNS inflammation, injury, and repair","volume":"169","author":"Waschek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq340","article-title":"METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans","volume":"26","author":"Willer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nwaf048","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf048","article-title":"Integrating large-scale meta-GWAS and PigGTEx resources to decipher the genetic basis of 232 complex traits in pigs","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2876","article-title":"Advantages and pitfalls in the application of mixed-model association methods","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13081294","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identified a quantitative trait locus and two candidate genes on sus scrofa chromosome 2 affecting vulvar traits of suhuai pigs","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2025.101472","article-title":"Genetic parameters of vulva traits and impact of vulva scores on gilts culling in Large White pigs","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2025110500364631000_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010299","article-title":"Fine-mapping from summary data with the \u201cSum of Single Effects\u201d model","volume":"18","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf286\/64700522\/skaf286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf286\/64700522\/skaf286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf286\/64700522\/skaf286.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1762321015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf286\/8285738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf286","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-3163"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"skaf286"}}