{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:03:31Z","timestamp":1788307411537,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":241,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research and Development","award":["CRDPJ #472710-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRDPJ #472710-16"]}]},{"name":"Elmira Pet Products"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The supplementation of choline and L-carnitine in obese cats has garnered attention as a potential method for preventing and treating feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL). Providing dietary choline above the current recommended allowance to overweight and obese cats may have positive effects on one-carbon metabolism and hepatic lipid mobilization. Research on the metabolomic effects of L-carnitine supplementation in cats, however, remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the individual effects of choline and L-carnitine supplementation on the fasted serum metabolomic profiles of obese (n\u2005=\u20059; body condition score [BCS]: 8-9\/9) and lean (n\u2005=\u20059; BCS: 4-5\/9) adult male neutered cats fed at maintenance energy requirements. Cats were fed a commercial extruded cat food top-dressed with choline (6 x National Research Council recommended allowance: 378\u00a0mg\/kg BW0.67), L-carnitine (200\u00a0mg\/kg BW), or control (no supplement) in a 3\u2005\u00d7\u20053 complete Latin square design for 6\u00a0wk per treatment, with a 2-wk washout between each treatment period. The cats were fed once daily, and BW and BCS were assessed weekly. Fasted serum metabolites were analyzed at the end of each treatment period using direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The data were analyzed using SAS with proc GLIMMIX, considering group and period as random effects, and treatment, body condition, and their interaction as fixed effects. Statistical significance was set at P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05, and Tukey\u2019s post-hoc test was used for multiple comparisons when significance was observed. Obese cats had greater concentrations of s-adenosylhomocysteine, cysteine, cystine, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggestive of alterations in one-carbon metabolism with obesity. The oxidation of fatty acids may have improved with both L-carnitine and choline supplementation. While choline and L-carnitine independently affected concentrations of betaine, GSSG, and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, respectively, neither supplement broadly altered one-carbon metabolism. The present study suggests that dysfunction in one-carbon metabolism should be taken into consideration when examining the pathogenesis and increased FHL risk in obese cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T06:50:22Z","timestamp":1756536622000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum metabolomics reveals one-carbon metabolism differences between lean and obese cats not affected by L-carnitine or choline supplementation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4219-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rankovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K","family":"Shoveller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marica","family":"Bakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6366-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adronie","family":"Verbrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092305113168800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.103754","article-title":"Plasma acylcarnitine profiles suggest incomplete long-chain fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation and altered tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in type 2 diabetic African-American women","volume":"139","author":"Adams","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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