{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T04:43:28Z","timestamp":1758343408399,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":241,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The pet food industry currently formulates using crude protein (CP) and gross amino acid (AA) concentrations of individual ingredients as opposed to formulating on an AA standardized ileal digestibility (SID) basis, like in swine and poultry diets. In order to formulate on a SID basis, AA digestibility of individual ingredients must be additive when combined in a complete diet, but this assumption has not been evaluated in pet food. The objective of the present study was to determine if there is AA additivity in 4 extruded experimental diets using the AA SID estimates from the individual ingredients that were either taken from literature or determined using the cecectomized rooster. One diet contained 45% corn and corn gluten meal (Corn45), and the other 3 had increasing inclusions of whole pulse flours, up to 45% (Pulse15, Pulse30, Pulse45), all with chicken as the main protein source. To determine the AA digestibility, 28 cecectomized roosters (4 roosters per test substrate evaluated) were randomly assigned to the 4 test diets or ingredients (chicken meal, whole pinto bean flour, and whole chickpea flour). Endogenous corrections for AAs were made using 5 additional cecectomized roosters that had been fasted for 48\u00a0h. In order to determine AA SID additivity, the difference between measured and predicted SID was determined. Differences were tested for difference from zero using a one-sample 2-tailed t-test by the TTEST procedure of SAS (version 9.4). AA SID data in the complete diets were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS. Of the AAs that were different among diets, the majority had greater SID estimates in Corn45 compared to the 3 pulse diets (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05). Only 5 AAs (tryptophan, alanine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine) were not different from zero when predicted SID was subtracted from measured SID in Corn45, one AA (tryptophan) in Pulse15, 2 AAs (histidine, glycine) in Pulse30, and 1 AA (glycine) in Pulse45 (P\u2005&amp;gt;\u20050.05). The results from this study suggest that the SID of ingredients is not additive when extruded in a complete diet intended for dogs. This highlights the need for a greater understanding of ingredient interactions in the food matrix during extrusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T11:34:25Z","timestamp":1756553665000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility estimates are not additive in extruded canine diets with an increasing inclusion of whole pulse flour ingredients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Sydney","family":"Banton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , N1G 2W1","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2048-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R","family":"Templeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , N1G 2W1","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia M","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois , Urbana, IL , 61801","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly S","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois , Urbana, IL , 61801","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Saunders-Blades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champion Petfoods Holding Inc , Morinville, AB , T8R 1K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K","family":"Shoveller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , N1G 2W1","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/s0023-6438(02)00217-7","article-title":"Effect of soaking and extrusion conditions on antinutrients and protein digestibility of legume seeds","volume":"36","author":"Abd El-Hady","year":"2003","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4143","article-title":"Digestibility of amino acids in corn, corn coproducts, and bakery meal fed to growing pigs1","volume":"89","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/s0308-8146(99)00169-7","article-title":"Effects of extrusion and traditional processing methods on antinutrients and in vitro digestibility of protein and starch in faba and kidney beans","volume":"68","author":"Alonso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000095o","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in vitro and in vivo of raw and extruded peas (Pisum sativum L.)","volume":"48","author":"Alonso","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0005","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC","year":"2006","edition":"17th ed"},{"volume-title":"AAFCO manual","year":"2021","author":"Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)","key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0006"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1414","article-title":"Amino acid digestibility and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in soybean meal produced from conventional, high-protein, or low-oligosaccharide varieties of soybeans and fed to growing pigs1","volume":"87","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.07.023","article-title":"Postprandial plasma and whole blood amino acids are largely indicative of dietary amino acids in adult dogs consuming diets with increasing whole pulse ingredient inclusion","volume":"154","author":"Banton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.09.035","article-title":"Carbohydrate composition of raw and extruded pulse flours","volume":"43","author":"Berrios","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.83102396x","article-title":"Calcium, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility in low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal by growing pigs1,2","volume":"83","author":"Bohlke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.09.003","article-title":"Pulse proteins: Processing, characterization, functional properties and applications in food and feed","volume":"43","author":"Boye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/CFW-65-6-0068","article-title":"Methods for processing pulses to optimize nutritional functionality and maximize amino acid availability in foods and feeds","volume-title":"Cereal Foods World","author":"Cargo-Froom","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1016\/s2095-3119(14)60924-2","article-title":"Effect of graded levels of fiber from alfalfa meal on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of growing pigs","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa018","article-title":"Starch characterization of commercial extruded dry pet foods","volume":"4","author":"Corsato Alvarenga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.823715x","article-title":"Digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in soybean meal with added soyhulls1,2","volume":"82","author":"Dilger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.03.004","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and digestibility of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) starches","volume":"108","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0640487","article-title":"A collaborative study to evaluate a precision-fed rooster assay for true amino acid availability in feed ingredients","volume":"64","author":"Engster","year":"1985","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/35.4.477","article-title":"Cystine and methionine metabolism by chicks receiving raw or autoclaved soybean oil meal","volume":"35","author":"Evans","year":"1948","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(51)90275-5","article-title":"Heat inactivation of threonine, glycine, and the acidic amino acids","volume":"32","author":"Evans","year":"1951","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.238667","article-title":"Whole-grain fiber composition influences site of nutrient digestion, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids, and whole-body energy utilization in grower Pigs12","volume":"147","author":"Fouhse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15972","article-title":"Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs","volume":"35","author":"Freid","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"volume-title":"Grain-Free Pet Food Market Share, Sales & Trends by 2034","year":"2024","author":"Future Market Insights","key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0023"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0024","first-page":"254","article-title":"A comparison of true digestibility for poultry and apparent ileal digestibility for swine: a classical in vitro method and NIR spectrophotometry for determining amino acid digestibility","author":"Harrison","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2024.115999","article-title":"Effects of single and twin thermal screw extrusion on protein quality of grain-free pet foods formulated with predominantly animal- or plant-based protein ingredients","volume":"313","author":"Hsu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.114838","article-title":"Energy and amino acid digestibility of raw, steam-pelleted and extruded red lentil in growing pigs","volume":"275","author":"Hugman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.114891","article-title":"Nutrient digestibility of heat-processed field pea in weaned pigs","volume":"274","author":"Hugman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19740112","article-title":"Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins: The reactive lysine content of heat-damaged material as measured in different ways","volume":"32","author":"Hurrell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19760044","article-title":"Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins: the significance of lysine-containing isopeptides and of lanthionine in heated proteins","volume":"35","author":"Hurrell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7641112x","article-title":"Effects of species raw material source, ash content, and processing temperature on amino acid digestibility of animal by-product meals by cecectomized roosters and ileally cannulated dogs","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115822","article-title":"Different starch sources result in distinct responses to diets digestibility, fecal microbiota and fermentative metabolites, and postprandial glycemic response in dogs","volume":"306","author":"Kaelle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209112","article-title":"Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets","volume":"13","author":"Kaplan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03179","article-title":"Additivity of amino acid digestibility in corn and soybean meal for broiler chickens and White Pekin ducks","volume":"92","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.016","article-title":"Impact of wheat grinding and pelleting in a wheat\u2013rapeseed meal diet on amino acid ileal digestibility and endogenous losses in pigs","volume":"141","author":"Lahaye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/77.6.1362","article-title":"Determination of amino acids in feeds: collaborative study","volume":"77","author":"Llames","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1002\/leg3.133","article-title":"Physicochemical and nutritional properties of starches from nine Canadian-grown peas compared with six commercial starches","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Legume Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2095.1997.00076.x","article-title":"Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients and their predictability in compound diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L","volume":"3","author":"Lupatsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3945\/an.110.1006","article-title":"Pulse consumption, satiety, and weight management","volume":"1","author":"McCrory","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr"},{"volume-title":"Dry Pet Food Market Size","year":"2024","author":"Mordor Intelligence","key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0016"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-793","article-title":"Effect of common antinutritive factors and fibrous feedstuffs in pig diets on amino acid digestibilities with special emphasis on threonine","volume":"86","author":"Myrie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky461","article-title":"Chemical composition, true nutrient digestibility, and true metabolizable energy of chicken-based ingredients differing by processing method using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay1","volume":"97","author":"Oba","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey457","article-title":"Additivity of apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in wheat, canola meal, and sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles in mixed diets fed to broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Osho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021859600044178","article-title":"Influence of caecectomy on digestibility of amino acids by roosters fed distillers\u2019 dried grains with solubles","volume":"104","author":"Parsons","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaa010","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa010","article-title":"Effects of different carbohydrate sources on taurine status in healthy Beagle dogs","volume":"98","author":"Pezzali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.013","article-title":"Feed-induced specific ileal endogenous amino acid losses: measurement and significance in the protein nutrition of monogastric animals","volume":"221","author":"Ravindran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1079\/asc42240085","article-title":"Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens","volume":"81","author":"Ravindran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaa149","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa149","article-title":"Macronutrient composition, true metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility, and indispensable amino acid scoring of pulse ingredients for use in canine and feline diets","volume":"98","author":"Reilly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txaa133","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa133","article-title":"Use of precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay and digestible indispensable amino acid scores to characterize plant- and yeast-concentrated proteins for inclusion in canine and feline diets1,2","volume":"4","author":"Reilly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skab315","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab315","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of taurine and amino acid concentrations in dogs fed a green lentil diet","volume":"99","author":"Reilly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12735","article-title":"A current review of structure, functional properties, and industrial applications of pulse starches for value-added utilization","volume":"20","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S298","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002528","article-title":"Available versus digestible dietary amino acids","volume":"108","author":"Rutherfurd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1616","article-title":"Effects of dietary fat and L-carnitine on plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations and cardiac function in healthy dogs fed protein-restricted diets","volume":"62","author":"Sanderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5317(96)00121-2","article-title":"Effects of dietary fibers on gastrointestinal mucin in rats","volume":"16","author":"Satchithanandam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutr. Res"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2012.312218","article-title":"Non-nutritive bioactive compounds in pulses and their impact on human health: an overview","volume":"03","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.03.027","article-title":"The Pulse of it: dietary inclusion of up to 45% whole pulse ingredients with chicken meal and pea starch in a complete and balanced diet does not affect cardiac function, fasted sulfur amino acid status, or other gross measures of health in adult dogs","volume":"153","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.8092433x","article-title":"The influence of soy oligosaccharides on apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities and fecal consistency in growing pigs12","volume":"80","author":"Smiricky","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.83102387x","article-title":"Additivity of values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets fed to growing pigs1","volume":"83","author":"Stein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-009-9006-9","article-title":"Dealing with methionine\/homocysteine sulfur: cysteine metabolism to taurine and inorganic sulfur","volume":"34","author":"Stipanuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1071\/an11004","article-title":"Chemical alterations with nutritional consequences due to pelleting animal feeds: a review","volume":"51","author":"Svihus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3247","article-title":"Effects of extrusion processing on nutrients in dry pet food","volume":"88","author":"Tran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric"},{"key":"2025091917345421200_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509993321","article-title":"Digestion rate of dietary starch affects systemic circulation of amino acids in weaned pigs","volume":"103","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf305\/64166848\/skaf305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf305\/64166848\/skaf305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf305\/64166848\/skaf305.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T21:34:57Z","timestamp":1758317697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf305\/8244609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-3163"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"skaf305"}}