{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:16:27Z","timestamp":1792512987638,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":266,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) significantly compromises the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens. This study evaluated the protective effects of zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Zn-MMT), an inorganic antibacterial compound, against APEC challenge in broiler chickens. A total of 180 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds each. The treatment groups were: 1) the control group (basal diet); 2) the APEC-challenged group (basal diet); and 3) the Zn-MMT-supplemented group (basal diet + 1,000 mg\/kg Zn-MMT). On day 14, groups 2 and 3 were orally challenged with APEC, while controls received sterile broth. Intergroup differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s multiple comparison test. Compared with the APEC-challenged group, dietary Zn-MMT supplementation reduced myeloperoxidase activity in both jejunal and ileal mucosa and increased the relative weight of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, Zn-MMT lowered serum endotoxin and D-lactate concentrations, as well as diamine oxidase activity, while increasing jejunal villus height and the ratio between villus height and crypt depth (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The incorporation of Zn-MMT upregulated the expression of jejunal zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1 and ileal zonula occludens-1 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, Zn-MMT decreased the apoptosis rates of the epithelial cells in the jejunum and ileum (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The Zn-MMT supplementation restored the expression of cysteine-requiring aspartate protease-3, cysteine-requiring aspartate protease-9, B cell lymphoma-2, and tumor protein 53 in the jejunum and\/or ileum of the APEC-challenged chickens (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Dietary supplementation with Zn-MMT improved antioxidant capacity of APEC-challenged chickens by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, elevating reduced glutathione levels, and inhibiting the accumulation of malondialdehyde in serum and\/or intestinal mucosa (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The results suggested that Zn-MMT was effective in alleviating intestinal barrier damage in APEC-challenged broiler chickens by alleviating inflammation, reducing intestinal permeability, regulating tight junction protein expression, preventing intestinal apoptosis, modulating apoptosis-related genes, and mitigating oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:26:54Z","timestamp":1758540414000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Zinc-loaded montmorillonite alleviates avian pathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    -induced intestinal barrier damage in broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Pingping","family":"Zha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2025102421420592600_skaf327-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2021.1873246","article-title":"The bird\u2019s immune response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"50","author":"Alber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"2025102421420592600_skaf327-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.01.004","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase: its role for host defense, inflammation, and neutrophil function","volume":"640","author":"Aratani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. 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