{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:57:13Z","timestamp":1792036633014,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":345,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite increasing interest in the use of essential oils (EOs) as dietary supplements to alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress in poultry, the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for their protective actions remain incompletely understood. These mechanisms are likely influenced by a complex interplay of physiological responses, the specific bioactive constituents of the oils, and formulation variables such as encapsulation and dosage. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a blended EO mixture, comprising cinnamon, thyme, and clove oils in a 50%:25%:25% ratio, and its encapsulated form (CEO) on growth performance, antioxidant status, and the expression of stress-responsive genes in broiler chickens exposed to natural summer heat stress conditions. A total of 350 one-day-old Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups: a control group and six groups supplemented with EO or CEO at 50, 100, or 150\u2009mg\/kg diet. Each group consisted of five replicates with ten birds per replicate. The heat stress challenge was validated with a temperature-humidity index (THI) of 30.52, indicating moderate to severe thermal stress. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and treatment means were compared by Duncan\u2019s multiple range test at P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05. Dietary supplementation with EO and CEO, particularly 100\u2009mg\/kg CEO (T5), significantly improved growth performance. At 42\u2009d, T5 birds achieved the highest body weight (2380\u2009g\/bird; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and body weight gain (2336\u2009g\/bird; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), feed conversion ratio was improved, with T5 showing the best FCR (1.45; P\u2009=\u20090.043) versus 1.56 in the control. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was highest in T5 (0.80\u2009mM\/L; P\u2009=\u20090.003), representing a 29% increase over the control. Hepatic expression of stress-responsive genes was markedly modulated. CEO at 100\u2009mg\/kg downregulated HSP70 by 58.1% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), HSP60 by 62.5% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and HSPA9 by 62% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Antioxidant enzymes SOD2, GPX1, and GPX4 were reduced by 75.2% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), 90.1% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and 83.2% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), respectively. Pro-oxidant NOS2 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression decreased by 50% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and 55% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), respectively, while NRF2 and HMOX1 were downregulated by 51.5% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and 62.7% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Jejunal GLUT2 expression was upregulated by 227.3% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), whereas sGLT1 remained unchanged. No significant changes in liver enzyme activity or glucose levels were observed, suggesting that the treatments did not markedly impair hepatic function under heat-stress conditions (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). These findings indicate that encapsulated thyme, cinnamon, and clove oils at 100\u2009mg\/kg can substantially enhance growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cellular stress resilience in broiler chickens under heat stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T13:03:18Z","timestamp":1765285398000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dietary encapsulated essential oils improve growth performance and regulate stress-responsive genes in heat-stressed broilers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Madkour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, National Research Centre , Giza 12622,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Aboelazab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, National Research Centre , Giza 12622,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal","family":"Rayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa 31982,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdalla H H","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University , Qena 83523,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef A","family":"Abdel Moati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Elolimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University , Abu Dhabi 15551,","place":["United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moataz","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University , Al-Qassim 51452,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50295-x","article-title":"Growth performance, histological and physiological responses of heat-stressed broilers in response to short periods of incubation during egg storage and thermal conditioning","volume":"14","author":"Abdel-Fattah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-03896","article-title":"Gene expression of heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant enzymes, oxidative status, and meat oxidative stability of cyclically heat-challenged finishing broilers fed Origanum compactum and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oils","volume":"93","author":"Akbarian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.21608\/ajar.2022.163306.1092","article-title":"Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate and ascorbic acid on hepatocytes antioxidant profile in broiler chicks raised under chronic heat stress","volume":"48","author":"Al-Ghoul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J. Agric. Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez249","article-title":"Expression of digestive enzyme and intestinal transporter genes during chronic heat stress in the thermally manipulated broiler chicken","volume":"98","author":"Al-Zghoul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.373","article-title":"Evaluation of dried tomato pomace as a non-conventional feed: its effect on growth, nutrients digestibility, digestive enzyme, blood chemistry and intestinal microbiota of growing quails","volume":"11","author":"Alagawany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11072026","article-title":"Cinnamon: a natural feed additive for poultry health and production-a review","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04376-2","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with thyme oil improves the reproductive characteristics of barki adult and prepubertal ewes","volume":"20","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2021.101745","article-title":"Chemical composition of thymus vulgaris extracts and antibacterial activity against pathogenic multidrug resistance bacteria","volume":"117","author":"Alkufeidy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foohum.2025.100583","article-title":"Review on encapsulating bioactive compounds in spices","volume":"4","author":"Babu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food and Humanity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020253","article-title":"Encapsulated essential oils improve the growth performance of meat ducks by enhancing intestinal morphology, barrier function, antioxidant capacity and the cecal microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17043989","article-title":"Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties","volume":"17","author":"Bassol\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.01.003","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase in innate and adaptive immunity: an update","volume":"36","author":"Bogdan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934381","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.934381","article-title":"A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: Insights into physiology and gut health","volume":"13","author":"Brugaletta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-018-0358-4","article-title":"Blood biochemical profile of four fast-growing broiler strains under high ambient temperature","volume":"61","author":"Chand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Biol. Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030327","article-title":"Essential oils: Pharmaceutical applications and encapsulation strategies into Lipid-Based delivery systems","volume":"13","author":"Cimino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17111505","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of eugenol: an update","volume":"17","author":"Damasceno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2019-1147","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of fumaric acid on growth performance, blood hematological and biochemical profile of broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress","volume":"22","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3001478","article-title":"Multiple range and multiple F test","volume":"11","author":"Duncan","year":"1955","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.21608\/ajar.2022.266493","article-title":"Effect of different levels of selenium source on productive performance and some physiological responses of broiler chicks under desert conditions","volume":"47","author":"El Sayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J. Agric. Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B20","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effect of age at mating and silver nanoparticles administration on progeny productive performance and some blood constituents in Japanese quail","volume":"9","author":"El-Wardany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. ChemTech Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_366_18","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oils and their synergistic potential with antibiotics","volume":"10","author":"El Atki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf092","article-title":"Effects of microencapsulated essential oils and seaweed meal on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, liver functions, and plasma biomarkers in broiler chickens","volume":"103","author":"Elolimy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-021-09832-0","article-title":"Early heat acclimation during incubation improves Japanese quail performance under summer conditions","volume":"46","author":"Farghly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16121517","article-title":"Advances in encapsulating marine bioactive compounds using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for health applications","author":"Favas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function","volume":"33","author":"F\u00f6rstermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1017\/s1466252316000207","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review","volume":"18","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2007.07.004","article-title":"Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: an overview","volume":"40","author":"Gharsallaoui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Res. Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.663","article-title":"Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance","volume":"8","author":"Gholami-Ahangaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020235","article-title":"Alleviation of acute heat stress in broiler chickens by dietary supplementation of polyphenols from shredded, Steam-Exploded pine particles","volume":"13","author":"Goel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104554","article-title":"The effect of thymus vulgaris extract and probiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and litter quality of broiler chickens fed low-protein diets","volume":"104","author":"Golshahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2020.106487","article-title":"Protective effects of the phytogenic feed additive \u201ccomfort\u201d on growth performance via modulation of hypothalamic feeding- and drinking-related neuropeptides in cyclic heat-stressed broilers","volume":"74","author":"Greene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.10.055","article-title":"Research note: Phytobiotics modulate the expression profile of circulating inflammasome and cyto(chemo)kine in whole blood of broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress","volume":"100","author":"Greene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17121700","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of cinnamon oil: Chemical composition, pharmacological actions, and applications","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-017-1414-1","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on protein utilization and nutrient transporters in meat-type chickens","volume":"61","author":"Habashy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev368","article-title":"Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed additives (powdered vs. encapsulated) on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens","volume":"95","author":"Hafeez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216387","article-title":"Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health","volume":"26","author":"Haro-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD23139","article-title":"Melatonin administration during the first half of pregnancy improves physiological response and reproductive performance of rabbits under heat stress conditions","author":"Hashem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134777","article-title":"NRF2, a transcription factor for stress response and Beyond","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2023.103640","article-title":"Hepatic heat shock proteins, antioxidant-related genes, and immunocompetence of heat-stressed broilers in response to short periods of incubation during egg storage and thermal conditioning","volume":"116","author":"Hemida","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.21608\/aasj.2020.109055","article-title":"Effect of licorice extract on growth performance, meat yield and plasma analysis of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","volume":"3","author":"Hosny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Agric. Sci. J"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847580","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.847580","article-title":"Dietary eugenol nanoemulsion potentiated performance of broiler chickens: Orchestration of digestive enzymes, intestinal barrier functions and cytokines related gene expression with a consequence of attenuating the severity of E. coli O78 infection","volume":"9","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.20.0668","article-title":"Essential oils as growth-promoting additives on performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microbes, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Irawan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B43","article-title":"Effects of cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum) and turmeric (curcuma longa) powders on performance, enzyme activity, and blood parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress","author":"Kanani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. J. 4(1):47-53."},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00204","article-title":"Tissue-specific expression of DNA methyltransferases involved in early-life nutritional stress of chicken, Gallus gallus","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Genet"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031204","article-title":"Advances in the regulation of inflammatory mediators in nitric oxide synthase: Implications for disease modulation and therapeutic approaches","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-03950","article-title":"Effects of feeding plant-derived agents on the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens","volume":"93","author":"Kurekci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"51","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51360","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302332200","article-title":"Inactivation of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase by peroxynitrite. Implications for cytotoxicity and alcohol-induced liver injury","volume":"278","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12944","article-title":"Effects of oral administration of different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broilers","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13679","article-title":"Growth performance and hepatic antioxidants responses to early thermal conditioning in broiler chickens","volume":"107","author":"Madkour","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1890645","article-title":"Hepatic expression responses of DNA methyltransferases, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and NADPH 4 to early life thermal conditioning in broiler chickens","author":"Madkour","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103996","article-title":"Effects of oregano and\/or rosemary extracts on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, cecal bacteria, tight junction proteins, and antioxidants-related genes in heat-stressed broiler chickens","volume":"103","author":"Madkour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1914207","article-title":"Early life thermal stress modulates hepatic expression of thermotolerance related genes and physiological responses in two rabbit breeds","volume":"20","author":"Madkour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2024.103791","article-title":"Growth performance, blood biochemistry, and mRNA expression of hepatic heat shock proteins of heat-stressed broilers in response to rosemary and oregano extracts","volume":"119","author":"Madkour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545433","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1545433","article-title":"Dietary dunaliella salina microalgae enriches eggs with carotenoids and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, enhancing the antioxidant and immune responses in heat-stressed laying hens","volume":"12","author":"Madkour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1012772311177","article-title":"Growth performance and reproductive traits at first parity of New Zealand white female rabbits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation under egyptian conditions","volume":"33","author":"Marai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.10.1797","article-title":"Fasting and diet affect the tolerance of young chickens exposed to acute heat stress","volume":"109","author":"McCormick","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102683","article-title":"Liposomal encapsulated oregano, cinnamon, and clove oils enhanced the performance, bacterial metabolites antioxidant potential, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens","volume":"102","author":"Meligy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1993093","article-title":"Phytobiotic role of essential oil-loaded microcapsules in improving the health parameters in Clostridium perfringens-infected broiler chickens","volume":"20","author":"Moharreri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382535","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1382535","article-title":"Effect of a microencapsulated phyto\/phycogenic blend supplementation on growth performance, processing parameters, meat quality, and sensory profile in male broilers","volume":"11","author":"Mullenix","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00380","article-title":"Pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of thymol: Prospects for its therapeutic potential and pharmaceutical development","volume":"8","author":"Nagoor Meeran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.736","article-title":"Effects of supplementing diet with thyme (Thymuas vulgaris L.) essential oil and\/or selenium yeast on production performance and blood variables of broiler chickens","volume":"8","author":"Noruzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2019.1622078","article-title":"Chitosan nano-encapsulation improves the effects of mint, thyme, and cinnamon essential oils in broiler chickens","volume":"60","author":"Nouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B63","author":"NRC","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01101-9","article-title":"Phytobiotics in poultry: revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers","volume":"15","author":"Obianwuna","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in poultry production","volume":"103","author":"Oke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad083","article-title":"An investigation of the effect of folic acid and its delivery routes on broiler chickens\u2019 hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, anti-oxidant status, and intestinal morphology","volume":"101","author":"Oladokun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123386","article-title":"Essential oil delivery route: Effect on broiler chicken\u2019s growth performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, immune, and antioxidant status","volume":"11","author":"Oladokun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B68","first-page":"60","article-title":"Dietary inclusion of thyme essential oil alleviative effects of heat stress on growth performance and immune system of broiler chicks","volume":"1","author":"Olfati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Banats J. Biotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103141","article-title":"Heat stress and poultry production: a comprehensive review","volume":"102","author":"Oluwagbenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255520","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1255520","article-title":"Alleviating heat stress effects in poultry: updates on methods and mechanisms of actions","volume":"10","author":"Onagbesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey472","article-title":"Immune modulation, growth performance, and nutrient retention in broiler chickens fed a blend of phytogenic feed additives","volume":"98","author":"Pirgozliev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.03.004","article-title":"Effect of saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 on gut microbiota modulation in broilers","volume":"4","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642942","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/642942","article-title":"Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant","volume":"2014","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101730","article-title":"Tomato pomace as a nontraditional feedstuff: productive and reproductive performance, digestive enzymes, blood metabolites, and the deposition of carotenoids into egg yolk in quail breeders","volume":"101","author":"Reda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003376","article-title":"Nutritional interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of heat stress","volume":"4","author":"Rhoads","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr. (Bethesda, Md.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2016.1274243","article-title":"Effects of dietary oregano powder supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant status and meat quality of broiler chicks","volume":"16","author":"Ri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa090","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on the gut health of poultry","volume":"98","author":"Rostagno","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab033","article-title":"Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens","volume":"99","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184636","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1184636","article-title":"The effects of essential oil from lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress","volume":"14","author":"Se\u00f1as-Cuesta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122407","article-title":"Modulation of Heat-Shock proteins mediates chicken cell survival against thermal stress","volume":"10","author":"Shehata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals. (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101242","article-title":"Effects of essential oil on growth performance, digestibility, immunity, and intestinal health in broilers","volume":"100","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.009","article-title":"The effects of clove seed (Syzygium aromaticum) dietary administration on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and sensory attributes of broiler chickens","volume":"100","author":"Suliman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12070","article-title":"Polyphenol compounds in the chicken\/animal diet: from the past to the future","volume":"98","author":"Surai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.12971","article-title":"Acute synergistic effects of air temperature, humidity, and velocity on homeostasis of market\u2013size broilers","volume":"46","author":"Tao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086936","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of thyme oil and its main constituents","volume":"24","author":"Vassiliou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex363","article-title":"Physiological responses to heat stress in two genetically distinct chicken inbred lines","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab099","article-title":"Effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive functions, meat quality and gut microbiota in broiler chickens","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.10.036","article-title":"Effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde and citral on the performance and cecal microbiota of broilers vaccinated or not vaccinated against coccidiosis","volume":"99","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2022.2117183","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of cumin (cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil on expression of genes related to antioxidant, apoptosis, detoxification, and heat shock mechanism in heat-stressed broiler chickens","volume":"34","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13992","article-title":"Effects of essential oils on heat-stressed poultry: a review","volume":"108","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101163","article-title":"Effects of oregano essential oil as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal health of broilers","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025122503263137500_skaf417-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101801","article-title":"The protective effect and potential mechanisms of eugenol against Salmonella in vivo and in vitro","volume":"101","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf417\/65857191\/skaf417.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf417\/65857191\/skaf417.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf417\/65857191\/skaf417.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T08:26:40Z","timestamp":1766651200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf417\/8378303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":92,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaf417","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"skaf417"}}