{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T15:34:32Z","timestamp":1766590472637,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The bovine endometrium undergoes dynamic structural and functional changes during the estrous cycle, driven by coordinated interactions between stromal and immune cells. Among the endometrial stromal populations, (myo)fibroblasts and macrophages play key roles in tissue remodeling, inflammation, and repair. However, their direct cellular communication and underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the bidirectional crosstalk between bovine endometrial myofibroblasts and M1 macrophages. Treatment of endometrial myofibroblasts with M1 macrophage-conditioned medium (M1\u00f8 CM) increased mRNA expression and protein abundance of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), while reducing mRNA expression and protein abundance of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). No change was observed in the protein abundance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conversely, treatment of M1 macrophages with myofibroblast-conditioned medium (MFbCM) upregulated mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). Both conditioned media increased Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) mRNA expression and protein abundance in the interacting cell populations. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 with MCC950 (10\u22125 M) suppressed M1\u00f8 CM-induced FGF-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein abundance in myofibroblasts, and reduced MFbCM-induced IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 mRNA expression and secretion in M1 macrophages. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was identified as a downstream mediator of NLRP3 signaling, regulating macrophage-myofibroblast communication. Collectively, these findings reveal a pivotal role for the NLRP3\u2013PGE2 axis in mediating macrophage-stromal crosstalk, providing new insight into inflammatory and reparative dynamics within the bovine endometrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:19:12Z","timestamp":1764854352000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of NLRP3\u2013PGE2 axis in mediating interactions between bovine endometrial myofibroblasts and M1 macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2598-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiamin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology , Baotou 014040,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunjie","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7623-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhe","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun 130062,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun 130062,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1714-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuangyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122410322793300_skaf422-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119602484.ch25","author":"Adams","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025122410322793300_skaf422-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.11.010","article-title":"New molecular medicine-based scar management strategies","volume":"40","author":"Arno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"31","key":"2025122410322793300_skaf422-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507931112","article-title":"Molecular and preclinical basis to inhibit PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 as a novel nonsteroidal therapy for endometriosis","volume":"112","author":"Arosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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