{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T16:09:17Z","timestamp":1771690157830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune system stimulation (ISS) alters the metabolic demand for amino acids (AA), and amino acid-based nutritional strategies may mitigate performance reduction in pigs subjected to sanitary challenge conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extra supplementation of a combination of functional AA (FAA, +20% threonine, methionine, and tryptophan) preventively (pre-ISS), curatively (during-ISS) or both on the performance of growing pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and poor housing conditions. Fifty-two entire male pigs (21.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u2009kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments, with a control AA profile diet fed throughout the experimental period (Control; NRC, 2012) or a FAA supplemented diet (FAA+; supplied +20% Trp: Lys, Thr: Lys, and Met+Cys: Lys above Control) fed only before the ISS (FAA Preventive), during the ISS (FAA Curative), or before and during the ISS-period (FAA Continuous). On day 0, after a 7-d pre-ISS-period (day \u22127 to \u22121, pre-ISS), all pigs were inoculated with ST (2\u2009\u00d7\u2009109 CFU\/mL). Additionally, manure from a commercial pig farm was spread on the solid concrete floor, and the room was not cleaned during the ISS-period for 4\u2009wk (0 to 28\u2009d). Thereafter, all pigs received the same standard diet for 9\u2009wk (days 29 to 91), and the facilities were cleaned daily. Pigs were group-housed and fed using five electronic precision feeders during pre-ISS and ISS-period (\u22127 to 28\u2009d). There was no effect of providing additional FAA before the ISS-period on growth performance (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.10), indicating that the control diet met at least the requirements under non-challenged conditions. Rectal temperature increased by 1.25\u2009\u00b0C on day 1 of the ISS-period (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and remained higher than pre-ISS during days 2 to 7 of the ISS-period (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Control group had higher rectal temperature than the FAA Preventive (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Serum haptoglobin was higher on day 7 and 28 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), while albumin was lower on day 28 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), with lower concentrations in the control group compared with the FAA curative (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Higher final BW (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), ADG (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and G:F (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) were observed in the FAA Continuous compared to the Control. On day 28, FAA curative pigs showed higher total body protein content than FAA preventive pigs (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.10). Nitrogen utilization efficiency improved by 32.6% (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) for the FAA Curative compared with the Control. There were no remaining effects of treatments on BW or body composition on day 91 (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.10). In conclusion, the combination of short-term preventive and curative strategies with FAA dietary supplementation modulated the immune response and improved the growth performance of growing pigs under chronic immune system stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:30:42Z","timestamp":1767357042000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive\u2013curative functional amino acid\u2013supplemented diet improves health, growth performance, and resilience of growing pigs under an immune challenge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4211-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Alves","family":"Mar\u00e7al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8933-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziela Alves Da Cunha","family":"Valini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4002-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Righetti","family":"Arnaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoela Trevisan","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6354-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleslei Alisson","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4140-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marllon Jos\u00e9 Karpeggiane","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Diego Brand\u00e3o","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, 14884-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5632-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Kyaw","family":"Htoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Operations GmbH , Hanau-Wolfgang, 63457,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Gastmann","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evonik Brasil Ltda , S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, 04711-904,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6205-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Andretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 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