{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T17:00:44Z","timestamp":1771174844030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated three donkey breeds\u2014Guanzhong, Jiami, and Northern Shaanxi\u2014to characterize the structural organization and diversification mechanisms of the immunoglobulin light-chain (IgL) loci and to conduct both intra-breed and interspecies comparisons with horses. The donkey IG\u03bb locus is located on chromosome 8 and arranged in a V\u03bb-(J\u03bb-C\u03bb)-V\u03bb configuration. It contains 7 C\u03bb genes, each preceded by a corresponding J\u03bb gene to form a J\u03bb-C\u03bb cluster. Upstream of this cluster, 156 V\u03bb genes were identified, including 29 potential functional genes; downstream, 98 V\u03bb genes were detected, of which 22 were potentially functional. The IG\u03ba locus resides on chromosome 6 and exhibits a V\u03ba-J\u03ba-C\u03ba structure, comprising one C\u03ba gene, 5 J\u03ba genes, and 72 V\u03ba segments, including 22 potential functional V\u03ba genes. Expression profiling revealed clear light-chain usage preferences in donkeys. For the \u03bb-chain, V\u03bb72, V\u03bb135, V\u03bb150, V\u03bb190, and V\u03bb196\u2014mainly belonging to the IGLV1 and IGLV3 subgroups\u2014were preferentially utilized. For the \u03ba-chain, V\u03ba67 and V\u03ba71 were dominantly expressed, highlighting the prominent role of the IG\u03baV4 subgroup. Horses showed a similar pattern, with strong biases toward the IGLV1, IGLV3, and IG\u03baV4 subgroups. Although breed-specific differences were observed in certain IGL expression profiles (e.g. V-J combinations), these variations were largely restricted to the \u03bb-chain and involved low-frequency genes. Thus, highly utilized genes and subgroups exhibit high conservation among donkey breeds. This study is the first to comprehensively elucidate the structure and expression preferences of the donkey IgL locus, laying a solid foundation for the development of donkey-derived antibody resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:45:04Z","timestamp":1767789904000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of the organization and complexity of immunoglobulin light chain loci in equids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Grassland Agriculture, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Animal Science and Technology, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Animal Science and Technology, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Animal Science and Technology, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Grassland Agriculture, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8344-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Animal Science and Technology, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University College of Grassland Agriculture, , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026021511014241500_skag001-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050370","article-title":"Structural differences between the repertoires of mouse and human germline genes and their evolutionary implications","volume":"47","author":"Almagro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2026021511014241500_skag001-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90421-9","article-title":"Organization and reorganization of immunoglobulin genes in A-MULV-transformed cells: rearrangement of heavy but not light chain genes","volume":"27","author":"Alt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026021511014241500_skag001-B3","article-title":"Isolation of antigen-specific unconventional bovine Ultra-Long CDR3H antibodies using cattle immunization in combination with yeast surface display","author":"Arras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods In Molecular Biology. 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