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During the follicular phase, the epithelium was primarily composed of ALDH1A3+LGR5+ stem cells and ALDH1A1+ progenitor cells, whereas GE, secretory GE, and LE predominated during the luteal phase. Integrated trajectory inference and RNA velocity analyses suggested a continuous differentiation trajectory from ALDH1A3+LGR5+ stem cells through ALDH1A1+ progenitors toward GE. Gene expression patterns indicated that glandular epithelial formation was associated with activation of transcriptional regulatory programs and increased mitochondrial respiratory activity. In contrast, differentiation toward the secretory glandular epithelial lineage was characterized by early activation of stress-response pathways, secretion-related genes, and specific metabolic programs. Several transcription factors, including ZFP36L1, TRPS1, and KLF6, were associated with glandular differentiation, whereas MBD4, CREB3L4, ZNF524, SPDEF, USF1, XBP1, and MLX were predicted to contribute to glandular secretory function. These genes showed significant associations with sow reproductive traits in a phenome-wide association study. Overall, this study provides a single-cell framework for understanding epithelial dynamics in the porcine endometrium across the estrous cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T12:33:59Z","timestamp":1771158839000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals transcriptional profiles of endometrial epithelial remodeling and identifies candidate genes regulating glandular cell development in Chinese Meishan pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Nengjing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuejia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory 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