{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T21:39:01Z","timestamp":1773783541083,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD1300203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1300203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu","award":["BK20250092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20250092"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["SBK2023043658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBK2023043658"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2512035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2512035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bioinformatics Center at Nanjing Agricultural University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In late gestation, dairy cows often experience a negative energy balance (NEB) due to rapid fetal growth, leading to greater circulating levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Circulating NEFA are recognized as critical factors of adipose tissue growth, but the impact of greater maternal NEFA during late gestation on offspring subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) development and remodeling remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of greater circulating NEFA during late gestation on sWAT development, structural remodeling and metabolic health in calves. A total of 48 pregnant Holstein cows with similar parity (1.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15), body weight (743\u2009\u00b1\u20098.99\u2009kg), and days in milk (291.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.23 d) were categorized into lesser NEFA (DCL-NEFA; n\u2009=\u200924; 246\u2009\u00b1\u20095.67\u2009\u03bcM) and greater NEFA (DCG-NEFA; n\u2009=\u200924; 384\u2009\u00b1\u200913.36\u2009\u03bcM, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) groups based on the median of average serum NEFA measured at 1, 3, 5, and 7 wk after dry-off. Calf sWAT was collected at birth and one month to assess tissue growth and metabolic functions in vivo. In vitro, stromal vascular fractions isolated from sWAT of independent donor cattle were induced for adipogenesis to evaluate dose-dependent NEFA effects. Data were analyzed using linear mixed- and fixed-effects models. Although birth weight was similar between groups (P\u2009=\u20090.94), calves born to DCG-NEFA dams exhibited lesser sWAT mass (P\u2009=\u20090.01). Reduced thermogenic capacities (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and increased interleukin 6-mediated inflammatory signaling at birth (P\u2009=\u20090.01) were observed. At one month of age, DCG-NEFA calves showed greater sWAT mass (P\u2009=\u20090.04), impaired glucose sensitivity (P\u2009=\u20090.04), increased insulin resistance (P\u2009=\u20090.02), persistently suppressed thermogenic capacities (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), and activated stimulator of interferon genes inflammatory signaling (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). In vitro, NEFA addition also consistently impaired white adipogenesis and thermogenic activity (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), and promoted inflammatory mRNA expression (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Greater maternal circulating NEFA concentrations during the dry period impaired sWAT development, thermogenic activity and inflammatory regulations, attributing to the dysfunctions of glucose and insulin sensitivity in offspring calves. These findings demonstrate that increased maternal lipid mobilization during late gestation programs offspring sWAT development and metabolic function, highlighting circulating NEFA as a potential target for improving metabolic health in dairy calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:43:04Z","timestamp":1771591384000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased maternal non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during late gestation impair adipose tissue development and metabolic function in Holstein offspring calves"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Gai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaobing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, 650201,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University , Starkville, MS, 39762,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengyong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7319-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2005.9695192","article-title":"Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cattle. A review","volume":"27","author":"Adewuyi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.7831\/ras.10.0_115","article-title":"Adiponectin and its physiological function in ruminant livestock","volume":"10","author":"Al-Thuwaini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Agric Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220422203919","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399818666220422085016","article-title":"Maternal metabolic health, lifestyle, and environment\u2014understanding how epigenetics drives future offspring health","volume":"19","author":"Amrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0986-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial stress-activated cGAS-STING pathway inhibits thermogenic program and contributes to overnutrition-induced obesity in mice","volume":"3","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12196","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708744114","article-title":"DsbA-L prevents obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by suppressing the mtDNA release-activated cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway","volume":"114","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjab066","article-title":"cGAS\u2013STING signaling and function in metabolism and kidney diseases","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.07.030","article-title":"Association of changes among body condition score during the transition period with NEFA and BHBA concentrations, milk production, fertility, and health of Holstein cows","volume":"104","author":"Barletta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B8","volume-title":"The impact of diet in early life on adipose tissue growth and development in sheep","author":"Birtwistle","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20044","article-title":"Maternal nutritional programming of fetal adipose tissue development: long-term consequences for later obesity","volume":"75","author":"Budge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.02.021","article-title":"Cold exposure induces the acquisition of brown adipocyte gene expression profiles in cattle inguinal fat normalized with a new set of reference genes for qRT-PCR","volume":"114","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5937\/jomb0-24652","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders","volume":"40","author":"\u010colak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0174-4","article-title":"Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows","volume":"8","author":"Contreras","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101281","article-title":"The associations of early-life health and performance with subsequent dairy cow longevity, productivity, and profitability","volume":"18","author":"Dallago","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.04.002","article-title":"Insulin resistance in dairy cows","volume":"29","author":"De Koster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.10.005","article-title":"Immunological contributions to adipose tissue homeostasis","volume":"27","author":"DiSpirito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13234","article-title":"High concentrations of fatty acids and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate impair the growth hormone-mediated hepatic JAK2-STAT5 pathway in clinically ketotic cows","volume":"101","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-030279081-0","article-title":"A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows","volume":"72","author":"Edmonson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B18","volume-title":"An R companion to applied regression","author":"Fox","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6439","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-26123","article-title":"Effects of maternal blood \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate on brown adipose tissue functions and thermogenic and metabolic health in neonatal calves","volume":"108","author":"Gai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283523b6e","article-title":"Current understanding of placental fatty acid transport","volume":"15","author":"Gil-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.05.007","article-title":"High NEFA concentrations around parturition are associated with delayed ovulations in grazing dairy cows","volume":"141","author":"Giuliodori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.84890","article-title":"The role of cGAS-STING signalling in metabolic diseases: from signalling networks to targeted intervention","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.06.013","article-title":"Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period","volume":"20","author":"Grummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13300","article-title":"Insulin resistance: relationship between indices during late gestation in dairy cows and effects on newborn metabolism","volume":"90","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Sci J"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21220","article-title":"Symposium review: adipose tissue endocrinology in the periparturient period of dairy cows","volume":"105","author":"H\u00e4ussler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000091507","article-title":"Maternal lipid metabolism and placental lipid transfer","volume":"65","author":"Herrera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.03.006","article-title":"Macrophage SCAP contributes to metaflammation and lean NAFLD by activating STING\u2013NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00498","article-title":"UCP1 dependent and independent thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes","volume":"11","author":"Ikeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720926","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/720926","article-title":"Adipose tissue remodeling as homeostatic inflammation","volume":"2011","author":"Itoh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Inflam"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.713753x","article-title":"An improved method to quantify nonesterified fatty acids in bovine plasma","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-018-0658-5","article-title":"Browning of white fat: agents and implications for beige adipose tissue to type 2 diabetes","volume":"75","author":"Kaisanlahti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470391","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1470391","article-title":"Animal health and nutrition: metabolic disorders in cattle and improvement strategies","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02263-5","article-title":"Cinnamon induces browning in subcutaneous adipocytes","volume":"7","author":"Kwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B34","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Contributions to probability and statistics","author":"Levene","year":"1960"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1851","article-title":"Metabolic imprinting: critical impact of the perinatal environment on the regulation of energy homeostasis","volume":"361","author":"Levin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2022.103446","article-title":"Cold exposure induces browning of bovine subcutaneous white fat in vivo and in vitro","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.02.022","article-title":"Insulin stimulates IGFBP-2 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the PI3K\/mTOR pathway","volume":"358","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6568","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-14038","article-title":"Maternal late-gestation metabolic stress is associated with changes in immune and metabolic responses of dairy calves","volume":"101","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116000872","article-title":"Invited review: pre-and postnatal adipose tissue development in farm animals: from stem cells to adipocyte physiology","volume":"10","author":"Louveau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-022-00694-0","article-title":"Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases","volume":"19","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B41","first-page":"273","article-title":"Effect of leptin on metabolic hormones, energy metabolites, immunity and reproduction in farm animals-a review","volume":"33","author":"Maurya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agricult Rev"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2024.107428","article-title":"The importance of developmental programming in the dairy industry","volume":"262","author":"Meesters","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6426","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5697","article-title":"Effect of heat stress during late gestation on immune function and growth performance of calves: isolation of altered colostral and calf factors","volume":"97","author":"Monteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00645.2007","article-title":"Current approaches for assessing insulin sensitivity and resistance in vivo: advantages, limitations, and appropriate usage","volume":"294","author":"Muniyappa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B45","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle: 2001","author":"NRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.30466\/vrf.2024.2023763.4188","article-title":"Features of glucose\u2013insulin homeostasis at different stages of gestation in cows","volume":"15","author":"Nikolaevich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4230","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73568-7","article-title":"Real-time PCR quantification of bovine lactase mRNA: localization in the gastrointestinal tract of milk-fed calves","volume":"87","author":"Ontsouka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.04.003","article-title":"Using non-esterified fatty acids and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during the transition period for herd-level monitoring of increased risk of disease and decreased reproductive and milking performance","volume":"29","author":"Ospina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E105","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)70066-1","article-title":"Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health","volume":"87","author":"Overton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.09.008","article-title":"Impaired adipose tissue lipid storage, but not altered lipolysis, contributes to elevated levels of NEFA in type 2 diabetes. Degree of hyperglycemia and adiposity are important factors","volume":"65","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B51","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Adipose tissue biology","author":"Pond","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060832","article-title":"The complex interplay of insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in transition dairy cows","volume":"14","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000292","article-title":"Morphological changes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue after severe burn injury","volume":"37","author":"Saraf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0235619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235619","article-title":"Energy requirements for pregnant dairy cows","volume":"15","author":"Sguizzato","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1590\/1234-5678.2016v38n3p299","article-title":"Vital parameters of Holstein calves from birth to weaning","author":"Silva","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2019.1580199","article-title":"Thermogenesis and some rearing strategies of dairy calves at low temperature\u2013a review","volume":"47","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Res"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsS0022-0302(96)76409-3","article-title":"Effects of supplemental shade on thermoregulatory response of calves to heat challenge in a hutch environment","volume":"79","author":"Spain","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4695","article-title":"Effect of post calving serum non-esterified fatty acids concentration on the functionality of bovine immune cells","volume":"95","author":"Ster","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B60","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121706","article-title":"The combination of metformin with morin alleviates hepatic steatosis via modulating hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatic inflammation, brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue browning in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"323","author":"Tehrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.07.015","article-title":"Reduced oocyte and embryo quality in response to elevated non-esterified fatty acid concentrations: a possible pathway to subfertility?","volume":"149","author":"Van Hoeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12192345","article-title":"Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) triggers adipocyte autophagy","volume":"12","author":"Varga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.009","article-title":"Interferon-independent activities of mammalian STING mediate antiviral response and tumor immune evasion","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100031","article-title":"Metabolic and performance responses to the replacement of lactose by fat in milk replacer formulations for dairy calves","volume":"15","author":"Yohe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2026031714014980300_skag058-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00467","article-title":"Perilipin 1 mediates lipid metabolism homeostasis and inhibits inflammatory cytokine synthesis in bovine adipocytes","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag058\/67077381\/skag058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag058\/67077381\/skag058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag058\/67077381\/skag058.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:02:02Z","timestamp":1773770522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag058\/8495123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skag058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"skag058"}}