{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:21:55Z","timestamp":1793276515152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":128,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) has been reported to improve production performance and egg quality in ducks during the late laying period, but its effects during the peak laying period remain rarely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation on the production performance, egg quality, tibia quality, and mineral metabolism of ducks during the peak laying period in a cage rearing system. A total of 360 Liancheng white laying ducks at 30\u2009weeks (wk) of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups, each consisting of 6 replicates with 12 ducks per replicate. Ducks were fed a basal diet with 25(OH)D3 supplementation at 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000\u2009IU\/kg throughout the trial for 8 wk. One-way ANOVA was employed to assess the influence of supplementation level, and linear and quadratic regression analyses were performed for statistical evaluation of dose-dependent effects. 25(OH)D3 supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the laying rate, average egg weight, and egg mass and quadratically decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The mean of eggshell strength and thickness at 4 and 8 wk increased linearly and quadratically with increasing 25(OH)D3 levels, and the 4000\u2009IU\/kg 25(OH)D3 increasing the eggshell thickness by 5.7% (at 4 wk) and 2.9% (mean of those at 4 and 8 wk) relative to those of the non-supplemented group. At the end of weeks 4 and 8 of the trial, serum 25(OH)D3, bone glutamyl protein (BGP), and carbonic anhydrase (CA) increased linearly (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased linearly (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05); the 4000\u2009IU\/kg group had the highest serum 25(OH)D3 (4.24\u2009ng\/mL) and BGP (3.11\u2009ng\/mL) concentrations at 8 wk. Additionally, the tibial breaking strength, trabecular bone number, BGP content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA levels increased linearly with 25(OH)D3 supplementation (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The optimal dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation levels were approximately 2,355, 2,347 and 3,269\u2009IU\/kg on the basis of the quadratic model of the laying rate, FCR and eggshell strength, respectively. In summary, 25(OH)D3 supplementation improved the production performance and eggshell quality of ducks during the peak laying period by maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and enhancing tibia quality. A diet that contains 2,347\u20133,269\u2009IU\/kg of 25(OH)D3 displayed beneficial effects on maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and improving the tibial quality, which was recommended for ducks during peak laying period in the cage rearing system (30\u201338 wk of age).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:43:53Z","timestamp":1774356233000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) supplementation on production performance, egg quality, tibia quality, and mineral metabolism of ducks during peak laying period in the cage rearing system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350013,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350013,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengfu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 363000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350013,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350013,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350013,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou, Fujian 350013,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiudong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nenzhu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key 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