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As mitochondria lie at the intersection of energy metabolism and cellular stress response, alteration in their function is a likely mediator of the observed effects of maternal diet quality on offspring cardiometabolic health. This review summarizes the effect of a maternal high-calorie diet on offspring mitochondrial content, architecture, and bioenergetics in skeletal and cardiac muscle, comparing these findings across various animal models used to study developmental programming. How alterations in these mitochondrial properties influence substrate dependence, oxidative capacity, and metabolic efficiency and contribute to impaired metabolic flexibility and cardiometabolic risk are highlighted. Finally, insights into potential mechanisms, such as redox imbalance, disrupted mitochondrial-nuclear communication, and epigenetic remodeling, linking maternal diet to changes in mitochondrial homeostasis are discussed. Understanding how these early alterations in mitochondrial physiology predispose offspring to increased cardiometabolic disease risk may reveal novel therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:58:48Z","timestamp":1783598328000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mommy issues: how maternal diet shapes offspring mitochondrial physiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avika","family":"Gomez-Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1177-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie E","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR 97403,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082513281224100_skag208-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01033-6","article-title":"Maternal lipids in overweight and obesity: implications for pregnancy outcomes and offspring\u2019s body composition","volume":"47","author":"Albrecht","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026082513281224100_skag208-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.81","article-title":"The pathways of mitophagy for quality control and clearance of mitochondria","volume":"20","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2026082513281224100_skag208-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2025.06.033","article-title":"Microtubules coordinate mitochondria transport with myofibril morphogenesis during muscle development","volume":"60","author":"Avellaneda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2026082513281224100_skag208-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2023.119573","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and cell signaling. 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