{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1786681617365,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Green Innovation Gmbh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pine-derived terpenoids have been documented to have anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that might benefit canine health. This study evaluated the effects of including ArgaT, a commercial pine extract product, in extruded dog food on palatability, and systemic and gut health in healthy adult dogs. Three diets were formulated to meet the nutritional recommendations for adult dogs at maintenance: a control diet (0% ArgaT) and two diets containing ArgaT at 0.05% (ArgaT1) and 0.15% (ArgaT2). A two-bowl preference test was performed with 20 Beagles. A subsequent study was conducted with 24 adult Labrador Retrievers in a randomized complete block design. Following a 10-d baseline period on the control diet, dogs were fed one of three diets for 28\u2009d, and blood and fecal samples were collected before and at the end of the experimental period. In the two-bowl test, dogs preferred (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) the control diet over diets containing ArgaT, but no refusals (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) were observed during the 28-d feeding trial. No effect of diet (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) was observed for complete blood count and biochemical parameters. However, dogs fed ArgaT2 required a greater food intake (avg. 12%; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) to maintain body weight than those fed the other diets. No effects (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) were observed for 12 evaluated serum immunological biomarkers, except for C-reactive protein, which was lower for control compared to ArgaT diets. While ArgaT inclusion did not (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05) alter fecal dry matter, pH, calprotectin, IgA, or the dysbiosis index, the higher inclusion level resulted in a linear or quadratic decrease (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) in the abundance of five bacterial genera (Faecalibacterium, Catenibacterium, Fusobacterium and unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae). Alpha and beta diversity, however, remained stable (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Untargeted metabolomics identified 14 fecal metabolites modulated by dietary treatment (q\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), including several carbohydrates (lactose, fructose, xylose) and organic acids. Notably, 11 of these metabolites were uniquely altered in the ArgaT1 group, suggesting that lower inclusion levels may have a greater impact on modulating microbial fermentation pathways. In conclusion, ArgaT caused dose-dependent changes in the fecal metabolome and microbiota without causing gastrointestinal issues and was well tolerated in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:16:25Z","timestamp":1785323785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of a commercial essential oil containing resin-derived tricyclic diterpenoids on blood metabolite profile, fecal characteristics, immunomarkers, microbiota, and metabolites of healthy, unchallenged adult Labradors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa A","family":"Koulicoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Grain and Food Science, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Grain and Food Science, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Henrique Gebim","family":"Polizel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Pirassununga, SP 13635-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Grain and Food Science, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire L","family":"Timlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Four Rivers Kennel , Walker, MO 64790,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Turck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Henrique de Almeida","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Pirassununga, SP 13635-900,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan S","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Guazzelli","family":"Pezzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Grain and Food Science, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866112","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.866112","article-title":"Effect of pinus taeda hydrolyzed lignin on biochemical profile, oxidative status, and semen quality of healthy dogs","volume":"9","author":"Aiudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fix136","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix136","article-title":"A dysbiosis index to assess microbial changes in fecal samples of dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy","volume":"93","author":"AlShawaqfeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01058-3","article-title":"Interleukin 6 and interferon gamma haplotypes are related to cytokine serum levels in dogs in an endemic Leishmania infantum region","volume":"12","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0275","article-title":"Dietary encapsulated essential oil mixture influence on apparent nutrient digestibility, serum metabolic profile, lymphocyte histochemistry and intestinal morphology of laying hens","volume":"35","author":"Arslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B5","author":"Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.152.1.201-207.1982","article-title":"Pathway of lysine degradation in Fusobacterium nucleatum","volume":"152","author":"Barker","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00452-24","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00452-24","article-title":"Response of the gut microbiome and metabolome to dietary fiber in healthy dogs","volume":"10","author":"Bhosle","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302","article-title":"Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media","volume":"63","author":"Broderick","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.24.0042","article-title":"Supplemental effects of different production methods of pine needle additives on growth performance, intestinal environment, meat quality and serum of broiler chickens","volume":"37","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70199","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70199","article-title":"Microbial gene profiling and targeted metabolomics in fecal samples of dogs with chronic enteropathy with or without increased dysbiosis index","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8090159","article-title":"Supplementing oregano essential oil in a reduced-protein diet improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility by modulating intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity of growing-finishing pigs","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8030051","article-title":"Serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36202-6_175-1","volume-title":"Natural products","author":"da Silva Rodrigues-Honda","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2022.10.010","article-title":"Antibacterial effect and evaluation of the inhibitory effect against efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus by abietic acid: In vitro and in silico assays","volume":"122","author":"de Lima Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12080517","article-title":"Varying protein levels influence metabolomics and the gut microbiome in healthy adult dogs","volume":"12","author":"Ephraim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-016-0174-y","article-title":"ClassyFire: automated chemical classification with a comprehensive, computable taxonomy","volume":"8","author":"Feunang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cheminform"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30.4.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb3004s114","article-title":"Metabolomics by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry: combined targeted and untargeted profiling","volume":"114","author":"Fiehn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-77","article-title":"The PTS transporters of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323","volume":"10","author":"Francl","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190474","article-title":"MCP-1, KC-like and IL-8 as critical mediators of pathogenesis caused by Babesia canis","volume":"13","author":"Gal\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1565(199905\/06)10:3<132::AID-PCA444>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Pine needle abortion in cattle: analysis of isocupressic acid in North American gymnosperms","volume":"10","author":"Gardner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107373","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolites: shaping future diagnosis and treatment against gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"208","author":"Gou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19080\/JDVS.2017.03.555620","article-title":"A review on phytochemicals (including essential oils and extracts) inclusion in feed and their effects on food producing animals","volume":"3","author":"Granados-Chinchilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"JDVS"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.44","article-title":"Effect of age, gestation and lactation on faecal IgA and calprotectin concentrations in dogs","volume":"3","author":"Grellet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B9088204","first-page":"187","author":"Griffin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Petfood technology"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-017-1165-3","article-title":"Variation of the microbiota and metabolome along the canine gastrointestinal tract","volume":"13","author":"Honneffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1471","article-title":"Abietic acid has an anti-obesity effect in mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"14","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227285","article-title":"Quantitative PCR provides a simple and accessible method for quantitative microbiota profiling","volume":"15","author":"Jian","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-023-10037-y","article-title":"Inflammaging in domestic dogs: basal level concentrations of IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 in serum of healthy dogs of different body sizes and ages","volume":"24","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030718","article-title":"Biphasic dose-response induced by phytochemicals: experimental evidence","volume":"9","author":"Jodynis-Liebert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-4-1595","article-title":"Catenibacterium mitsuokai gen. Nov., sp. Nov., a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium isolated from human faeces","volume":"50","author":"Kageyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071593","article-title":"Dehydroabietic acid suppresses inflammatory response via suppression of Src-, Syk-, and TAK1-mediated pathways","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12934","article-title":"Effects of dietary phytoncides extracted from Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) cone on performance, egg quality, gut microflora, and immune response in laying hens","volume":"102","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2003.00509.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of C-reactive protein in Canine Serum","volume":"50","author":"Kjelgaard-Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010142","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of pine needles: a systematic study on the essential oils and extracts of 46 species of the Genus Pinus","volume":"10","author":"Koutsaviti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.081711-0","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Pinus elliottii and its major compound, dehydroabietic acid, against multidrug-resistant strains","volume":"63","author":"Leandro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.10.001","article-title":"Phytoncide, phytogenic feed additive as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, improved growth performance and decreased excreta gas emission without adverse effect on meat quality in broiler chickens","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/41.4.523","article-title":"Urinary and fecal elimination of B6 and 4-pyridoxic acid on three levels of intake","volume":"41","author":"Linkswiler","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuad039","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad039","article-title":"Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications","volume":"47","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.116","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of commercial essential oils and their components against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Mith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4112","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein content and source on colonic fermentative activity in dogs differing in body size and digestive tolerance1","volume":"90","author":"Nery","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801387-8.00016-8","volume-title":"Early vascular aging","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B9857229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3440555","article-title":"Lysine degradation through the saccharopine pathway in mammals: Involvement of both bifunctional and monofunctional lysine-degrading enzymes in mouse","volume":"344","author":"Papes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14047","article-title":"Dog breed and starch gelatinisation correlation in food digestibility and faecal traits","volume":"109","author":"Pescuma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.01.002","article-title":"The gut microbiome of dogs and cats, and the influence of diet","volume":"51","author":"Pilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15871","article-title":"Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs","volume":"34","author":"Pilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1436-x","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein and fructooligosaccharides on fecal fermentative end-products, fecal bacterial populations and apparent total tract digestibility in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Pinna","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00329-23","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00329-23","article-title":"Draft genome sequence of a representative strain of the Catenibacterium genus isolated from human feces","volume":"12","author":"Ricci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Resour Announc"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm049394","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049394","article-title":"Serum inflammatory cytokines as disease biomarkers in the DE50-MD dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"15","author":"Riddell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112093","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of garlic and oregano essential oil on biomarkers of oxidative status, stress and inflammation in postweaning piglets","volume":"10","author":"Rivera-Gomis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.13","article-title":"Pine oleoresin: tapping green chemicals, biofuels, food protection, and carbon sequestration from multipurpose trees","volume":"1","author":"Rodrigues-Corr\u00eaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12020297","article-title":"Application of Baltic pine (Pinus sylvestris) needle extract as a gut microbiota-modulating feed supplement for domestic chickens (Gallus gallus)","volume":"12","author":"Rubens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 16","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162089","article-title":"Essential oils and melatonin as functional ingredients in dogs","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz-Cano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665111000152","article-title":"Plant secondary metabolites and gut health: the case for phenolic acids","volume":"70","author":"Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7454","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.9.4.7454-7466","article-title":"Essential oils from wood, bark, and needles of pinus roxburghii Sarg. from Alexandria, Egypt: antibacterial and antioxidant activities","volume":"9","author":"Salem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresources"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2021-0008","article-title":"Performance of phytoncide (Pinus koraiensis extract) as an alternative to zinc oxide supplementation in weaning pig diet","volume":"101","author":"Seok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13152527","article-title":"Digestibility and palatability of the diet and intestinal functionality of dogs fed a blend of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil","volume":"13","author":"Soares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319009041279","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of rosin and resin acids in vitro","volume":"24","author":"S\u00f6derberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2008.00521.x","article-title":"Analysis of bacterial diversity in the canine duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon by comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis","volume":"66","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.04.011","article-title":"Diagnosis and interpretation of intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats","volume":"215","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13031","article-title":"Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats","volume":"50","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0350362","article-title":"The effect of fats and fatty acids in chick rations","volume":"35","author":"Sunde","year":"1956","journal-title":"Poultry Sci"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X221077876","article-title":"Dysbiosis index to evaluate the fecal microbiota in healthy cats and cats with chronic enteropathies","volume":"24","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13162597","article-title":"Correlation between targeted qPCR assays and untargeted DNA shotgun metagenomic sequencing for assessing the fecal microbiota in dogs","volume":"13","author":"Sung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00859-7","article-title":"Abietic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) in RAW264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to regulate gene expression involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism","volume":"550","author":"Takahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092511","article-title":"In-feed supplementation of resin acid-enriched composition modulates gut microbiota, improves growth performance, and reduces post-weaning diarrhea and gut inflammation in piglets","volume":"11","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B66","author":"Undersander","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040573","article-title":"The controversial role of human gut lachnospiraceae","volume":"8","author":"Vacca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12507","article-title":"Digestive sensitivity varies according to size of dogs: A review","volume":"101","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.342103","article-title":"Comparing univariate filtration preceding and succeeding PLS-DA analysis on the differential variables\/metabolites identified from untargeted LC-MS metabolomics data","volume":"1287","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44684-9","article-title":"The bacterial oxidation of vitamin B6. 4-Pyridoxic acid dehydrogenase: A membrane-bound enzyme from Pseudomonas MA-1","volume":"258","author":"Yagi","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.08.034","article-title":"Role of secondary metabolites in plant defense against pathogens","volume":"124","author":"Zaynab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo5030489","article-title":"Integrating multiple analytical datasets to compare metabolite profiles of mouse colonic-cecal contents and feces","volume":"5","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"2026081323315118700_skag229-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12170","article-title":"Influences of phytoncide supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, diarrhea scores and fecal microflora shedding in weaning pigs","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag229\/70344471\/skag229.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag229\/70344471\/skag229.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag229\/70344471\/skag229.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:32:10Z","timestamp":1786678330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag229\/8746782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":74,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skag229","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"skag229"}}