{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:07:44Z","timestamp":1790122064107,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2023YFD1301200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1301200"]}]},{"name":"Porcine Innovation Team of Sichuan Province","award":["SCCXTD-2024-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCCXTD-2024-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) is commonly used to improve growth performance in weaned pigs, but its high-dose supplementation is increasingly restricted due to environmental concerns. Therefore, identifying effective alternatives at lower inclusion levels is of critical importance. This study evaluated activated zinc oxide (AZn) as a low-dose alternative by assessing its effects on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, intestinal barrier function, and fecal zinc excretion in weaned pigs. A completely randomized design was used, in which 216 castrated male piglets (initial body weight 6.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009kg; weaned at 21\u2009d of age) were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, with six replicates per group and six piglets per replicate. The control group received a corn-soybean basal diet containing 100\u2009mg\/kg total Zn from feed ingredients and zinc sulfate (ZnSO\u2084). In the treatment groups, graded levels of AZn (125, 250, 500, or 1,500\u2009mg\/kg Zn) or a single level of conventional ZnO (1,500\u2009mg\/kg Zn) were added to the basal diet in place of the zinc sulfate in the premix. The trial lasted 28 d; on d 15, one pig per replicate closest to the pen mean was slaughtered. The results showed that compared with the control group, supplementation with AZn at any level or with 1,500\u2009mg\/kg ZnO improved growth performance and partial nutrient digestibility, and reduced diarrhea incidence (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). At the 1,500\u2009mg\/kg supplementation level, fecal zinc concentration was lower in the AZn group than in the ZnO group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Serum diamine oxidase activity was reduced in the AZn groups (125\u2013500\u2009mg\/kg) compared with the control group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), whereas no such effect was observed in the ZnO group. Compared with the control group, both AZn and ZnO improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Both also increased serum IgA and IgG concentrations and reduced malondialdehyde levels (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), with no adverse effects on organ weights or hematological parameters (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). In this study, AZn at 125\u2013500\u2009mg\/kg showed comparable growth and diarrhea control to 1,500\u2009mg\/kg ZnO, with no differences among the three lower doses. Regression analyses indicated optimal levels for intestinal function at approximately 440\u2013560\u2009mg\/kg Zn, while fecal Zn at 250\u2009mg\/kg remained far below that at 1,500\u2009mg\/kg. Considering both efficacy and environmental impact, a dietary AZn level of 250\u2013500\u2009mg\/kg Zn is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:24:42Z","timestamp":1787570682000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of activated zinc oxide on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal epithelial function in weaned pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"LingJie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130,","place":["P. R. China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Efficient Utilization, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130,","place":["P. R. 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R.","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunhong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130,","place":["P. R. China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Efficient Utilization, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130,","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1963-9766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130,","place":["P. R. China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Efficient Utilization, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130,","place":["P. R. 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