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Dietary supplementation of REU had greater (P\u2009=\u20090.046) average daily gain during d 1 to 7 and d 15 to 28, and feed efficiency over the overall period (d 1 to 28). Pigs in REU group had tended to lower (P\u2009=\u20090.060) frequency of diarrhea than non-supplemented group. Pigs fed REU tended to have lower concentrations of serum cortisol (P\u2009=\u20090.061) and had lower interleukin-6 (P\u2009=\u20090.014), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (P\u2009=\u20090.033) on d 7, and also had lower serum interleukin-6 (P\u2009=\u20090.027) and transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (P\u2009=\u20090.008) levels on day 14 than those fed control diet. Probiotic REU had greater (P\u2009=\u20090.034) serum total protein levels on d 28 than non-probiotic diet. Pigs in REU group tended to have increased (P\u2009=\u20090.062) villus height in the ileum compared with those in control group. Pigs fed REU had upregulated claudin-1 (P\u2009=\u20090.002) and interferon-\u03b3 (P\u2009=\u20090.032) genes expression in the ileum than those fed control diet, but downregulated interleukin-8 (P\u2009=\u20090.004) gene expression. Dietary supplementation of human milk-derived REU improved growth performance of weaned pigs by modulating inflammatory responses and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity. These results suggest that the potential of human milk-derived probiotics as an effective strategy for improving growth performance and health in antibiotic-free swine production system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:16:46Z","timestamp":1788509806000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human milk-derived\n                    <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri<\/i>\n                    improved growth performance of weaned pigs by modulating systemic immune responses and enhancing intestinal health"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Kyoung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of 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Biotechnology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University , Seoul 05006,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangnam","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Jeonju University , Jeonju 55069,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungwoo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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