{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:05:55Z","timestamp":1789765555761,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":244,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lubabegron (LUB) is a \u03b2-adrenergic agonist\/antagonist approved for reduction of ammonia gas emissions in feedlot cattle; improvements in growth and carcass yield have also been reported, although the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Thirty-two Angus-influenced steers (524\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009kg) were assigned to control (CON) or LUB diets (3.5\u2009mg\/kg dry matter [DM]; targeted 36\u2009mg\/steer\/d for 63\u2009d). All steers had received a trenbolone acetate\u2013estradiol implant (TE-200) at arrival, 58\u2009d before treatment initiation, administered identically across groups. Growth performance, carcass traits, longissimus muscle (LM) composition, transcriptome, signaling protein abundance, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured. LUB increased final body weight (637 vs. 612\u2009kg), average daily gain, dry matter intake, and gain-to-feed ratio relative to CON (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01). Hot carcass weight was 18.5\u2009kg greater in LUB (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01), whereas dressing percentage, REA, 12th-rib fat, and marbling score were unaffected (P\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.25). LM crude protein was higher (23.6% vs. 22.5%; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01) and crude fat tended lower (5.0% vs. 6.4%; P\u00a0=\u00a00.051) in LUB steaks. Warner\u2013Bratzler shear force was greater in LUB at 2\u00a0d (4.36 vs. 3.67\u2009kg; P\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and 14 days (3.74 vs. 2.76\u2009kg; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01) postmortem. Serum creatinine, total protein, bilirubin, and cholesterol were elevated in LUB steers (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.02). Transcriptomic profiling at d 56 identified 643 differentially expressed genes, with upregulation of myogenic regulators, glycolytic enzymes, and fast-twitch fiber genes and downregulation of adipogenic networks. Phospho-mTOR abundance (P\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and the p-mTOR\/mTOR ratio (P\u00a0=\u00a00.05) were greater in LUB. Although LUB is an established \u03b23-AR agonist, receptor binding and protein abundance were not assessed; \u03b23-AR transcript in LM was minimal and undetectable in 40.6% of samples, and neither p-CREB nor the phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein CREB (p-CREB)\/CREB ratio differed between treatments (P\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.32), arguing against p-CREB-dependent \u03b23-AR signaling as the primary driver. IGF-1 protein in LM was greater in LUB-supplemented steers at d 56 (P\u00a0=\u00a00.01), whereas circulating IGF-1 did not differ overall (P\u00a0=\u00a00.66), although a treatment\u2009\u00d7\u2009time interaction was detected (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). The dissociation between elevated local muscle IGF-1 and the absence of a sustained systemic increase supports an autocrine and paracrine IGF-1 mechanism with downstream Akt\/mTOR activation as a coherent framework for the muscle response observed with LUB supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:51:25Z","timestamp":1788353485000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Local insulin-like growth factor-1 and Akt\/mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle of lubabegron-supplemented finishing steers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Donghun","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byungkyoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika P","family":"Eckhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M","family":"Munger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3536-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M","family":"Luttman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Garmyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Pyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elanco Animal Health , Indianapolis, IN 46221,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongkyoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48823,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091816515474600_skag281-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01264.2001","article-title":"Invited review: autocrine\/paracrine IGF-I and skeletal muscle adaptation","volume":"93","author":"Adams","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026091816515474600_skag281-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.5.1716","article-title":"Localized infusion of IGF-I results in skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats","volume":"84","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2026091816515474600_skag281-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-11-59","article-title":"Genome-wide mapping of Sox6 binding sites in skeletal muscle reveals both direct and indirect regulation of muscle terminal differentiation by Sox6","volume":"11","author":"An","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Dev. 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