{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:01:36Z","timestamp":1790816496805,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Broiler leg health is a complex and multidimensional welfare concern that may be inadequately characterized using isolated indicators. This study developed an individual-level multidimensional welfare-response profiling framework to evaluate broilers subjected to three dietary strategies\u2014negative control, zinc bacitracin as an antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), or a multi-strain probiotic\u2014combined with environmental enrichment in a 3\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial experiment involving 1,440 male broilers housed in 48 pens. Welfare outcomes were organized into five biological domains: locomotor performance, skeletal\u2013mineralization, postural deformity, cartilage and joint disorders, and spinal and muscular disorders. Outcomes were directionally harmonized and normalized to a 0\u20131 scale, with greater values consistently representing a more favorable welfare response, before aggregation into domain-specific scores and a global welfare-response index. Mixed-effects models included dietary additive, environmental enrichment, and their interaction as fixed effects and pen as a random effect to account for clustering within the experimental unit. The global welfare-response index ranged from 0.727\u2009\u00b1\u20090.022 for the control with enrichment to 0.759\u2009\u00b1\u20090.013 for the control without enrichment. No significant effects of dietary additive (P\u2009=\u20090.599), environmental enrichment (P\u2009=\u20090.207), or their interaction (P\u2009=\u20090.715) were detected for the global index. At the domain level, probiotic supplementation with enrichment produced the greatest numerical skeletal\u2013mineralization score (0.631\u2009\u00b1\u20090.026), but neither dietary additive (P\u2009=\u20090.150), enrichment (P\u2009=\u20090.933), nor their interaction (P\u2009=\u20090.758) significantly affected this domain. The additive\u2009\u00d7\u2009enrichment interaction for postural deformity showed a tendency (P\u2009=\u20090.073), whereas no significant effects were detected for the locomotor, cartilage\/joint, or spinal\/muscular domains (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Sensitivity analyses using alternative domain-weighting scenarios showed that treatment rankings varied with welfare priorities, reinforcing that the composite index should be interpreted together with domain-specific outcomes. Overall, probiotic-supplemented groups showed global leg-health welfare profiles within the range observed for the zinc-bacitracin groups, while treatment responses were primarily domain-specific rather than consistently expressed across the integrated welfare profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1789127485000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidimensional welfare profiling of broiler leg health under probiotic or antimicrobial growth-promoter supplementation and environmental enrichment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorraine Aline","family":"Barbosa de Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio Cesar","family":"dos Ouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1299-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eliza","family":"Ribeiro da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Cuer Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-1003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elivelton","family":"de Salles da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8079-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"de Castro Burbarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Marie","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irenilza de Alencar","family":"N\u00e4\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Production Engineering, Paulista University (UNIP) , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 04026-002,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3908-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaqueline","family":"Murbach Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0413-5610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agn\u00eas Markiy","family":"Odakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Gar\u00f3fallo Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 79804-970,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Ribeiro","family":"Caldara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), University City , Dourados, MS 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