{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:49:25Z","timestamp":1791496165190,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This 2-yr study evaluated the effects of Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplementation on fecal and vaginal microbiomes, growth, and reproduction of beef heifers. On day 0 (30\u2009d after weaning), Brangus crossbred beef heifers (n\u2009=\u200964 per year) were stratified by body weight (BW; 261\u2009\u00b1\u200929\u2009kg) and age (286\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009d) and randomly allocated into 1 of 16 bahiagrass pastures (1\u2009ha and four heifers per pasture). Treatments (eight pastures per treatment) consisted of daily concentrate supplementation at 1.50% of BW (dry matter basis), with (BAC) or without (CON) a DFM supplement containing Bacillus subtilis 810 and B. licheniformis 809 (3\u2009g per heifer; 6.6\u2009\u00d7\u2009109 CFU per day) from days 0 to 244. Heifers were estrus-synchronized from days 98 to 112, artificially inseminated (AI) on days 109 to 112, and exposed to Angus bulls from days 120 to 210 (one bull per pasture). Fecal and vaginal swab samples were collected on days 0, 112 (timed-AI), and 210 (end of the breeding season). Effects of treatment\u2009\u00d7\u2009year were not detected (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.18) for any variable. Treatments did not affect herbage utilization, heifer BW, or plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Percentage of pubertal heifers and reproductive tract scores were greater on day 60 (P\u2009=\u20090.05), but not on day 90 (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.22), for BAC vs. CON heifers. Pregnancy per AI tended (P\u2009=\u20090.10) to be greater for BAC vs. CON heifers. Final pregnancy percentage did not differ (P\u2009=\u20090.65) between treatments, whereas a greater (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) proportion of BAC heifers calved within the first 28\u2009d of the calving season. Effects of treatment\u2009\u00d7\u2009day were detected for fecal Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Clostridium, Butyrivibrio, and Blautia, which were greater in BAC vs. CON heifers on day 112 (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.02). Fecal Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes on day 112 were lower (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) for BAC vs. CON heifers. Effects of treatment were detected (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.04) for vaginal Methanobrevibacter and Euryarchaeota, both of which were lower overall in BAC vs. CON heifers. These findings indicate that Bacillus-based DFM supplementation modulated fecal and vaginal microbial communities and improved reproductive outcomes in developing beef heifers, suggesting that reproductive benefits may be partly mediated through microbiome\u2013host interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skag313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:23:02Z","timestamp":1790425382000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supplementation with\n                    <i>Bacillus<\/i>\n                    -based direct-fed microbials for developing beef heifers: impacts on fecal and vaginal microbiome, growth, and reproductive performance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana M","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAS\/Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipe","family":"Moriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAS\/Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1133-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius S","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAS\/Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conner A","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAS\/Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassio C","family":"Brauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAS\/Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6440-6785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o H J","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5995-3944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Binelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9115-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o V","family":"Lazarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Stephenville, TX 76401,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3383-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M B","family":"Vendramini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center , Stephenville, TX 76401,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1819-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno I","family":"Cappellozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novonesis , Lyngby 2970,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10923","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010923","article-title":"Microbial gatekeepers of fertility in the female reproductive microbiome of cattle","volume":"25","author":"Adnane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B2","first-page":"123","article-title":"The use of reproductive tract scoring in beef heifers","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Agri-Practice"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B3","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2006","edition":"18th"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112746","article-title":"Holistic view and novel perspective on ruminal and extra-gastrointestinal methanogens in cattle","volume":"11","author":"Aryee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11623","article-title":"Dynamics of the microbiota found in the vaginas of dairy cows during the transition period: associations with uterine diseases and reproductive outcome","volume":"100","author":"Bicalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69715-7","article-title":"Characterization of bovine vaginal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing: associations with host fertility, longevity, health, and production","volume":"14","author":"Brulin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms","volume":"6","author":"Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7442","article-title":"Supplementation based on protein or energy ingredients to beef cattle consuming low-quality cool-season forages: II. Performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of replacement heifers","volume":"92","author":"Cappellozza","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txad044","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txad044","article-title":"Evaluation of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial probiotic on in vitro rumen gas production and nutrient digestibility of different feedstuffs and total mixed rations","volume":"7","author":"Cappellozza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf165","article-title":"Ruminant nutrition symposium: novel microbial solutions to optimize production efficiency in beef and dairy systems","volume":"103","author":"Cappellozza","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B11","author":"CEN","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282851","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1282851","article-title":"Rumen and fecal microbiomes are related to diet and production traits in Bos indicus beef cattle","volume":"14","author":"Conteville","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa014","article-title":"Board Invited Review\u2014Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments (I): social, nutritional, and carcass quality considerations","volume":"98","author":"Cooke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6465","article-title":"Heifer calving date positively influences calf weaning weights through six parturitions","volume":"91","author":"Cushman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.76suppl_31x","article-title":"Current concepts on the control of puberty in cattle","volume":"76","author":"Day","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaf411","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf411","article-title":"Effects of feeding a Bacillus-based probiotic on nutrient utilization and microbiota profile in the rumen and reproductive tract of beef heifers receiving a forage-based diet","volume":"104","author":"De Souza","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B75799446","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0401-2","article-title":"The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101156","article-title":"Probiotics and potential applications for alternative poultry production systems","volume":"100","author":"El Jeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1975.03615995003900040052x","article-title":"An aluminum block digester for plant and soil analysis","volume":"39","author":"Gallaher","year":"1975","journal-title":"Soil Sci Soc Am J"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1990.00021962008200050002x","article-title":"Plant height, disk and capacitance meters used to estimate bermudagrass herbage mass","volume":"82","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2009.05.0267","article-title":"Effects of stocking rate on animal performance and herbage responses of Mulato and bahiagrass pastures","volume":"50","author":"Inyang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaf135","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf135","article-title":"Maternal pre- and post-partum supplementation of a Bacillus-based DFM altered the cow prepartum plasma metabolome and the calf plasma metabolome before and after vaccination","volume":"103","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skad250","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad250","article-title":"Removing maternal heat stress abatement during gestation modulated postnatal physiology and improved performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring","volume":"101","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skae110","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae110","article-title":"Maternal pre- and postpartum supplementation of a Bacillus-based DFM enhanced cow\u2013calf performance","volume":"102","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22564","article-title":"Effects of direct-fed Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on nutrient digestibility in dairy cows","volume":"106","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaf093","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf093","article-title":"Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on digestibility, ruminal in situ nutrient disappearance, microbiome, and fermentation parameters in forage-fed beef cattle","volume":"103","author":"Limede","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-024-00335-2","article-title":"Effects of dietary restriction and one-carbon metabolite supplementation during the first 63 days of gestation on the maternal gut, vaginal, and blood microbiota in cattle","volume":"6","author":"Luecke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skac366","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac366","article-title":"What a 31-yr multibreed herd taught us about the influence of B. indicus genetics on reproductive performance of cows","volume":"100","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(74)85048-4","article-title":"Recovery of residual organic matter from \u201cin vitro\u201d digestion of forages","volume":"57","author":"Moore","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa236","article-title":"Supplementation frequency and amount modulate post-weaning growth and reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers","volume":"98","author":"Moriel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skac107","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac107","article-title":"Stair step strategy and immunomodulatory feed ingredient supplementation for grazing heat-stressed Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers","volume":"100","author":"Moriel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txaf137","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf137","article-title":"Year-round supplementation of direct-fed microbials to cow-calf pairs and its effects on maternal and offspring productive performance","volume":"9","author":"Moriel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4958","article-title":"Effects of energy supplementation frequency and forage quality on performance, reproductive, and physiological responses of replacement beef heifers","volume":"90","author":"Moriel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-478","article-title":"Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook","volume":"90 Suppl 1","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/19014","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of beef cattle","author":"NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine)","year":"2016","edition":"8th"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txac067","article-title":"Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on in vitro nutrient digestibility of forage and high-starch concentrate substrates","volume":"6","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2019.1695979","article-title":"Role of preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on timing of conception and regulation of the uterine environment in beef cattle","volume":"66","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy118","article-title":"Developmental and reproductive characteristics of beef heifers classified by number of estrous cycles experienced by start of first breeding","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst Tech J"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/163688a0","article-title":"Measurement of diversity","volume":"163","author":"Simpson","year":"1949","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2004.0216","article-title":"Reporting forage allowance in grazing experiments","volume":"45","author":"Sollenberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"txaf145","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf145","article-title":"Maternal supplementation of Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials alters the maternal and offspring fecal microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Sousa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.11.003","article-title":"Importance of outdoor shelter for cattle in temperate climates","volume":"159","author":"Van Laer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02732-23","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02732-23","article-title":"Sequencing and culture-based characterization of the vaginal and uterine microbiota in beef cattle that became pregnant or remained open following artificial insemination","volume":"11","author":"Webb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skab346","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab346","article-title":"Considerations and best practices in animal science 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing microbiome studies","volume":"100","author":"Weinroth","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(92)90034-4","article-title":"A theoretically based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates","volume":"39","author":"Weiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026100816561402700_skag313-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113167","article-title":"Composition of fecal microbiota in grazing and feedlot Angus beef cattle","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag313\/71402787\/skag313.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag313\/71402787\/skag313.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag313\/71402787\/skag313.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:56:18Z","timestamp":1791492978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skag313\/8836607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skag313","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"skag313"}}