{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:13:35Z","timestamp":1782944015151,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T05:53:24Z","timestamp":1536904404000},"page":"5052-5063","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Carbohydrate level and source have minimal effects on feline energy and macronutrient metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Natalie J","family":"Asaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley D","family":"Berendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruurd T","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Iams Company, Procter & Gamble, Lewisburg, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K","family":"Shoveller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0001","volume-title":"Association of American Feed Control Officials: Official Publication","author":"AAFCO","year":"1997"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/24.12.1405","article-title":"Effect of caloric restriction and excessive caloric intake on energy expenditure","volume":"24","author":"Apfelbaum","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2004.03.002","article-title":"Dietary carbohydrate source affects glucose concentrations, insulin secretion, and food intake in overweight cats","volume":"24","author":"Appleton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4040054","article-title":"Digestibility Is similar between commercial diets that provide ingredients with different perceived glycemic responses and the inaccuracy of using the modified Atwater calculation to calculate metabolizable energy","volume":"4","author":"Asaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0005","first-page":"91","article-title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrate source on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentration in cats","volume":"2","author":"Bouchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Iams Nutr. Symp"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00794.x","article-title":"Effects of six carbohydrate sources on dog diet digestibility and post-prandial glucose and insulin response","volume":"92","author":"Carciofi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511005046","article-title":"Effects of two commercially available feline diets on glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity and energetic efficiency of weight gain","volume":"106","author":"Coradini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Ntutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0354","article-title":"Effects of six carbohydrate sources on diet digestibility and postprandial glucose and insulin responses in cats","volume":"86","author":"de-Oliveira","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0009","first-page":"E521","article-title":"Hormonal control of postprandial thermogenesis in dogs","volume":"253","author":"Diamond","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12139","article-title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrate, fat, and protein on postprandial glycemia and energy intake in cats","volume":"27","author":"Farrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0011","volume-title":"Cats and carbohydrates \u2013 what are the concerns?","author":"Forrester","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-5-22","article-title":"Acute effect of meal glycemic index and glycemic load on blood glucose and insulin responses in humans","volume":"5","author":"Galgani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.60","article-title":"Dietary fat and carbohydrate have different effects on body weight, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and behaviour in adult cats fed to energy requirement","volume":"4","author":"Gooding","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2012.658332","article-title":"Development and validation of a behavioral acclimation protocol for cats to respiration chambers used for indirect calorimetry studies","volume":"15","author":"Gooding","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12126","article-title":"Effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets on fat and carbohydrate oxidation and plasma metabolites in healthy cats","volume":"98","author":"Gooding","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.4.773","article-title":"Differential effect of protein and fat ingestion on blood glucose responses to high- and low-glycemic-index carbohydrates in noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects","volume":"50","author":"Gulliford","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2095.2002.00200.x","article-title":"Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes","volume":"8","author":"Hemre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.47.3.234","article-title":"Feline models of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"47","author":"Henson","year":"2006","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R227","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00313.2006","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity, fat distribution, and adipocytokine response to different diets in lean and obese cats before and after weight loss","volume":"292","author":"Hoenig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.5.1264","article-title":"An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1000-kj portions of common foods","volume":"66","author":"Holt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.3.362","article-title":"Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange","volume":"34","author":"Jenkins","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6654.958","article-title":"Wholemeal versus wholegrain breads: proportion of whole or cracked grain and the glycaemic response","volume":"297","author":"Jenkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0023","first-page":"2568S","article-title":"Effect of carbohydrates on digestion in the cat","volume":"124","year":"1994"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0024","first-page":"R878","article-title":"Cats increase fatty acid oxidation when isocalorically fed meat-based diets with increasing fat content","volume":"277","author":"Lester","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0025","unstructured":"Lockhart, J., K.Wilson, and C.Lenman. 2011. Effects of conditioning on blood draw in cats. In: 45th Congress of the ISAE, Indianapolis, IN. p. 56."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.17","article-title":"Mannoheptulose has differential effects on fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in adult beagle dogs fed diets of different macronutrient contents","volume":"3","author":"McKnight","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20150763","article-title":"Starch and fibre intake and glucose postprandial response of dogs","volume":"46","author":"Monti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0028","first-page":"187","article-title":"Unique nutrient requirements of cats appear to be diet-induced evolutionary adaptations","volume":"13","author":"Morris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rec. Adv. An. Nutr. Aus"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.12.2060","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber supplementation on glycemic control in dogs with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus","volume":"52","author":"Nelson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0030","first-page":"390","article-title":"Effect of weight variations (fattening and slimming) on energy expenditure in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Pouteau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vet. Inter. Metd"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02343.x","article-title":"Acute stress hyperglycemia in cats is associated with struggling and increased concentrations of lactate and norepinephrine","volume":"16","author":"Rand","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0032","first-page":"E561","article-title":"Subcutaneous glucose predicts plasma glucose independent of insulin: implications for continuous monitoring","volume":"277","author":"Rebrin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00538.x","article-title":"Accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring system in dogs and cats with diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"20","author":"Reineke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0700587","article-title":"Glucose oxidation rates in newborn infants measured with indirect calorimetry and [U-13C]glucose","volume":"70","author":"Sauer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272. (Abstr.)","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb272","article-title":"Effects of a high vs. low carbohydrate diet on fat and carbohydrate oxidation in cats","volume":"24","author":"Shoveller","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.3.449","article-title":"Macronutrients have different metabolic effects in nondiabetics and diabetics","volume":"42","author":"Simpson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.35682","article-title":"Heat production and respiratory quotient changes with food intake in swine","volume":"20","author":"Stombaugh","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0038","first-page":"549","article-title":"Effects of dietary propionate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in healthy volunteers","volume":"85","author":"Venter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4040055","article-title":"Cats and carbohydrates: the carnivore fantasy","volume":"4","author":"Verbrugghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510001558","article-title":"Intestinal fermentation modulates postprandial acylcarnitine profile and nitrogen metabolism in a true carnivore: the domestic cat (felis catus)","volume":"104","author":"Verbrugghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.987","article-title":"Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system for use in dogs, cats, and horses","volume":"223","author":"Wiedmeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018120309340489200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0414","article-title":"Insulin responses to administrations of amino acids and fatty acids in healthy cats","volume":"73","author":"Yasuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/96\/12\/5052\/26982326\/sky365.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1720603024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/96\/12\/5052\/5096829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/sky365","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]}}}