{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:53:15Z","timestamp":1770288795275,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000978","name":"Australian Pork Limited","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001799","name":"Murdoch University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gilt progeny (GP) often have restricted growth performance and health status in comparison to sow progeny (SP) from birth, with the underlying mechanisms responsible for this yet to be fully understood. The present study aimed to compare differences in growth and development between GP and SP in the first 24 h after birth and in the periweaning period. Two cohorts of pigs including 36 GP and 37 SP were euthanized at 1 of 4 time points: a birth cohort (at birth before suckling, 0 h; and 24 h after birth, 24 h; n = 33) and a weaning cohort (at approximately 29 d of age; \u201cpre-weaning,\u201d PrW; and 24 h after weaning; \u201cpost-weaning,\u201d PoW; n = 40). Pigs were individually weighed at 0 h, 24 h, PrW, and PoW up until the point of euthanasia, at which time the weights of selected tissues and organs were recorded and analyzed relative to BW. The length of the small intestine (SI), femur, and body were also measured, and a serum sample was collected and analyzed for IgG concentration. Samples of jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected and analyzed for total protein and specific activity of lactase. Euthanized GP were lighter (P &lt; 0.01) than SP at all time points. At all time points, the ratios of quadriceps weight to femur length, BW to body length, spleen to BW (all P &lt; 0.05), and SI weight to length (P &lt; 0.10) were lower in GP than in SP. There was no difference (P \u2265 0.05) in stomach or heart to BW ratios between GP and SP in either cohort. The brain to liver weight ratio was greater (P = 0.044) in GP than in SP in the birth cohort, and the brain to BW ratio was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in GP in both the birth and weaning cohorts. The liver to BW ratio was similar (P = 0.35) at birth but greater (P = 0.014) in GP around weaning. Total mucosal protein content in the jejunum and ileum was lower (P = 0.007) in GP at 24 h compared with SP, and specific activity of lactase was greater (P = 0.022) in GP in the birth cohort, whereas there were no differences in the weaning cohort (P \u2265 0.10). Gilt progeny had lower (P &lt; 0.001) serum IgG concentration compared with SP at 24 h, but there was no difference (P \u2265 0.10) in the weaning cohort. Collectively, these findings suggest that the early development of GP may be delayed compared with SP and that a number of the anatomical differences between GP and SP that exist after birth are also present at weaning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T09:52:45Z","timestamp":1562147565000},"page":"3809-3822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A comparison of the anatomical and gastrointestinal functional development between gilt and sow progeny around birth and weaning1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica R","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rivalea (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Corowa, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank R","family":"Dunshea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B","family":"Furness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udani A","family":"Wijesiriwardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Pluske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd., Willaston, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(98)80071-7","article-title":"Body weight distribution and organ size in newborn swine (sus scrofa domestica) \u2013 A study describing an animal model for asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"50","author":"Bauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.12.007","article-title":"Investigating the behavioural and physiological indicators of neonatal survival in pigs","volume":"69","author":"Baxter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-1823(09)70134-1","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of nutrients during early development of vertebrates: Patterns of appearance and change.","volume-title":"Biology of growing animals","author":"Buddington","year":"2002"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.6.1205","article-title":"Porcine colostrum and milk stimulate visceral organ and skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal piglets","volume":"122","author":"Burrin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-3-42","article-title":"Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival","volume":"3","author":"Cabrera","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4874","article-title":"Effect of dam parity on litter performance, transfer of passive immunity, and progeny microbial ecology","volume":"91","author":"Carney-Hinkle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7641154x","article-title":"Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states: II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition","volume":"76","author":"Clowes","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.31.1_supplement.792.24","article-title":"The gastrointestinal tract of piglets from first parity sows develops more slowly and is more permeable than piglets from later parity sows","volume":"31","author":"Cottrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/1001","article-title":"Investigating the reproductive performance of gilt progeny entering the breeding herd","volume":"25","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1868","article-title":"Poorer lifetime growth performance of gilt progeny compared with sow progeny is largely due to weight differences at birth and reduced growth in the preweaning period, and is not improved by progeny segregation after weaning","volume":"95","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9020035","article-title":"Primiparous and multiparous sows have largely similar colostrum and milk composition profiles throughout lactation","volume":"9","author":"Craig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4141\/CJAS2013-049","article-title":"Differences in muscle characteristics of piglets related to the sow parity","volume":"93","author":"Da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-0142","article-title":"Are all piglets born lightweight alike? Morphological measurements as predictors of postnatal performance","volume":"94","author":"Douglas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1128","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1994.267.6.G1128","article-title":"Brush-border disaccharidase synthesis in infant pigs measured in vivo with [2H3]leucine","volume":"267","author":"Dudley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199210000-00006","article-title":"Developmental changes in lactase-phlorizin hydrolase precursor isoforms in the rat","volume":"15","author":"Dudley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0016","first-page":"61","article-title":"Metabolic and endocrine changes around weaning.","volume-title":"Weaning the pig, concepts and consequences","author":"Dunshea","year":"2003"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1071\/AN12151","article-title":"Spray-dried porcine plasma and yeast derived protein meal influence the adaption to weaning of primiparous and multiparous sow progeny in different ways","volume":"53","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0018","first-page":"293","article-title":"Regression.","volume-title":"M. Carmichael (ed.) Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics","author":"Field","year":"2013","edition":"4"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0019","first-page":"14","article-title":"Physiological factors affecting birth weight","volume":"2","author":"Hammond","year":"1944","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00183-5","article-title":"Development of thermoregulation and neonatal survival in pigs","volume":"78","author":"Herpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0021","unstructured":"Holyoake, P. K . 2006. Dam parity affects the performance of nursery pigs. In: 19th Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Cong., Copenhagen, Denmark. p. 149."},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-018-0098-1","article-title":"Once small always small? To what extent morphometric characteristics and post-weaning starter regime affect pig lifetime growth performance","volume":"4","author":"Huting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.11.003","article-title":"Birth weight has no influence on the morphology, digestive capacity and motility of the small intestine in suckling pigs","volume":"182","author":"Huygelen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0024","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Possible factors influencing the immunoglobulin G concentration in swine colostrum","volume":"41","author":"Inoue","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19910078","article-title":"Digestive development of the early-weaned pig. 2. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period","volume":"65","author":"Kelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8713","article-title":"The association between immunoglobulin G in sow colostrum and piglet plasma","volume":"93","author":"Kielland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.78suppl_319x","article-title":"Factors that influence milk production in well-fed sows","volume":"78","author":"King","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0028","first-page":"176","article-title":"Absolute and relative concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, and A, and albumin in the lacteal secretion of sows of different lactation numbers","volume":"48","author":"Klobasa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(86)90094-2","article-title":"Maternal-neonatal immunoregulation in swine. II. Influence of multiparity on de novo immunoglobulin synthesis by piglets","volume":"11","author":"Klobasa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(85)90024-8","article-title":"The influence of age and breed on the concentrations of serum IgG, IgA and IgM in sows throughout the reproductive cycle","volume":"10","author":"Klobasa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-1823(09)70132-8","article-title":"Production and gene expression of brush border disaccharidases and peptidases during development in pigs and calves.","volume-title":"Biology of growing animals","author":"Le Hu\u00ebrou-Luron","year":"2002"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7771693x","article-title":"Postnatal limb bone growth in relation to live weight in pigs from birth to 84 days of age","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600048024","article-title":"Growth and development in the pig, with special reference to carcass quality characters","volume":"30","author":"McMeekan","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1071\/AN12063","article-title":"Piglet performance and immunity is determined by the parity of both the birth dam and the rearing dam","volume":"53","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5078","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4272","article-title":"Providing supplemental milk to piglets preweaning improves the growth but not survival of gilt progeny compared with sow progeny","volume":"90","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0036","volume-title":"Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2013","edition":"8"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0037","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC","year":"2012","edition":"11"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(97)00057-2","article-title":"Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: A review","volume":"51","author":"Pluske","year":"1997","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7641165x","article-title":"Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states: III. Milk production and pig growth","volume":"76","author":"Pluske","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111100070X","article-title":"Colostrum production by sows: Variability of colostrum yield and immunoglobulin G concentrations","volume":"5","author":"Quesnel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00182-3","article-title":"The acquisition of passive immunity in the new-born piglet","volume":"78","author":"Rooke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1980.502257x","article-title":"Effect of weaning age and feeding method on digestive enzyme development in swine from birth to ten weeks","volume":"50","author":"Shields","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00069","article-title":"Number of conceptuses in utero affects porcine fetal muscle development","volume":"128","author":"Town","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(85)90163-1","article-title":"The nature of maturational decline of intestinal lactase activity","volume":"840","author":"Tsuboi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(81)91307-3","article-title":"A proposed mechanism of normal intestinal lactase decline in the postweaned mammal","volume":"101","author":"Tsuboi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(81)90037-4","article-title":"Investigation of some factors which influence the absorption of IgG by the neonatal piglet","volume":"2","author":"Werhahn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1159\/000240828","article-title":"Changes in the organs of pigs in response to feeding for the first 24 h after birth. II. The digestive tract","volume":"28","author":"Widdowson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9960035","article-title":"Development of the newborn GI tract and its relation to colostrum\/milk intake: A review","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev"},{"key":"2019091012303749900_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7641145x","article-title":"Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states: I. Associated endocrine changes and postweaning reproductive performance","volume":"76","author":"Zak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jas\/skz217\/29002382\/skz217.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/97\/9\/3809\/29560827\/skz217.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T15:33:36Z","timestamp":1721489616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/97\/9\/3809\/5527787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skz217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]}}}