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SPF chickens (n = 240, 1-d-old) were divided into 4 groups (6 replicates per group, 10 chickens per replicate): a control group (CON) fed a basal diet without inulin supplementation and 3 SE-infected groups fed a basal diet supplemented with inulin 0% (SE group), 0.5% (0.5% InSE group), and 1% (1% InSE group), respectively. At 28 d of age, the chickens in SE-infected groups were orally infected with SE and in CON group were administrated with phosphated-buffered saline (PBS). Intestinal morphology, mucosal immunity, and intestinal barrier function-related gene expression were analyzed at 1- and 3-d post-infection (dpi). SE challenge significantly increased the mucosal gene expression, such as interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor factor (LITAF), interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and increased serum IFN-\u03b3, secretory IgA (sIgA), and IgG concentration, and significantly decreased the gene expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and claudin-1 at 3 dpi compared with the CON group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Inulin supplementation improved the expression levels of these immunity- and intestinal barrier function-related genes, increased villus height (VH), and decreased crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 1 and 3 dpi within the SE-challenged groups (P &amp;lt; 0.05). SE challenge significantly increased ileal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA at 1 and 3 dpi, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA at 1 dpi, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and Janus kinase1 (JAK1) protein expression at 3 dpi compared with the CON group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Inulin supplementation suppressed p-STAT3 and JAK1 protein expression and promoted ileal TLR4 and SOCS3 mRNA expression at 3 dpi compared with SE group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, inulin alleviated SE-induced gut injury by decreasing the proinflammatory response and enhancing mucosal immunity in chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]],"date-time":"2020-01-02T06:57:53Z","timestamp":1577948273000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effects of inulin supplementation on intestinal barrier function and immunity in specific pathogen-free chickens with Salmonella infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Everaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Li\u00e8ge, Gembloux, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiqing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020012813564505800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey101","article-title":"Effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on internal organs Salmonella colonization, immune response, ileal morphology, and ileal immunohistochemistry in laying hens challenged with Salmonella enteritidis","volume":"97","author":"Adhikari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. 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