{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:02:28Z","timestamp":1792180948463,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A procedure based on gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of benzodiazepines (nordiazepam, oxazepam, lormetazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, bromazepam and alprazolam) in postmortem human ribs. Powdered bone samples, including marrow remains inside, with the internal standard diazepam-d5 were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with 100\u00a0\u03bcL of \u03b2-glucoronidase and were incubated in sodium hydroxide for 1\u00a0h in a 70\u00b0C oven. Samples underwent liquid phase extraction and ethyl acetate was used as eluent. Chromatography was performed on a fused silica capillary column and the selected-ion-monitoring mode was used for analytes determination. The method was validated in the range 0.1\u20130.5\u00a0ng\/mg (depending on the benzodiazepine) to 100\u00a0ng\/mg with average values of recovery, matrix effect and process efficiency ranged from 83.2 to 94.3%, from 97.3 to 102.1% and from 80.5 to 91.2%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracy was &amp;lt;15%. The procedure was tested in rib specimens obtained during routine autopsies from 20 cases where these benzodiazepines were found in blood. Benzodiazepines were detected in the combined bone and marrow samples in 60% of cases. Lorazepam was detected in bone in the range of 0.3\u20130.7\u00a0ng\/mg, nordiazepam at 1.3\u20134.2\u00a0ng\/mg and oxazepam at 1.1\u20131.2\u00a0ng\/mg. To our knowledge, this protocol for the simultaneous analysis of these benzodiazepines is the first performed and validated using human ribs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T07:23:18Z","timestamp":1583133798000},"page":"985-992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Postmortem Analysis of Benzodiazepines in Human Bone by Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Mancini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Analytical Pharmacotoxicology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Fernadez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Murcia, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Calle Campus Universitario, 11, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Falcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Murcia, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Calle Campus Universitario, 11, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Analytical Pharmacotoxicology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Murcia, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Calle Campus Universitario, 11, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rotolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Analytical Pharmacotoxicology, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 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