{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:45:28Z","timestamp":1765295128676},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>NBOMes are N-benzylmethoxy derivatives of the 2C family compounds with N-2-methoxybenzyl moiety substituted by the methoxy group at the 2- and 5-position and the halogen group at the 4-position of the phenyl ring. These substances are a new class of potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens with potential harmful effects. The substitution with halogen of the already psychoactive phenethylamine produces a derivative (2C-I) with increased hallucinogenic effects. This class of hallucinogens has chemical structures very similar to natural hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline and these are sold mainly via internet as a \u2018legal\u2019 alternative to other hallucinogenic drug-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). 25I-NBOMe is the first synthesized and one of the most common compound from NBOMes. Knowledge of pharmacological properties of 25I-NBOMe is very limited so far. There are only a few in vivo and in vitro so far published studies. The behavioral experiments are mainly related with the hallucinogenic effect of 25I-NBOMe while the in vitro studies concerning mainly the affinity for 5-HT2A receptors. The 25I-NBOMe Critical Review 2016 reported 51 non-fatal intoxications and 21 deaths associated with 25I-NBOMe across Europe. Case reports describe various toxic effects of 25I-NBOMe usage including tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury and death. The growing number of fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases indicates that 25I-NBOMe should be considered as a serious danger to public health. This review aims to present the current state of knowledge on pharmacological effects and chemical properties of 25I-NBOMe and to describe reported clinical cases and analytical methods available for identification of this agent in biological material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T12:18:43Z","timestamp":1582805923000},"page":"947-956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-<i>N<\/i>-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOME): A Harmful Hallucinogen Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"\u015awit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamilla","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021012111231766500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.09.008","article-title":"A review on the abuse of three NPS (synthetic cannabinoids, kratom, poppers) among youths in Asia","volume":"292","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2021012111231766500_R2","volume-title":"Trends and Developments","author":"EMCDDA - 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