{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:44:59Z","timestamp":1780055099162,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>An analytical method for the detection of 40 benzodiazepines, (\u00b1)-zopiclone, zaleplon and zolpidem in blood and urine by solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Twenty-nine of 43 analytes were quantified in 0.5\u00a0mL whole blood for investigating postmortem, drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and driving under the influence of drugs cases (DUID). The four different dynamic ranges of the seven-point, linear, 1\/x weighted calibration curves with lower limits of quantification of 2, 5, 10 and 20\u00a0\u03bcg\/L across the analytes encompassed the majority of our casework encountered in postmortem, DFSA and DUID samples. Reference materials were available for all analytes except \u03b1-hydroxyflualprazolam, a hydroxylated metabolite of flualprazolam. The fragmentation of \u03b1-hydroxyflualprazolam was predicted from the fragmentation pattern of \u03b1-hydroxyalprazolam, and the appropriate transitions were added to the method to enable monitoring for this analyte. Urine samples were hydrolyzed at 55\u00b0C for 30\u00a0min with a genetically modified \u03b2-glucuronidase enzyme, which resulted in &amp;gt;95% efficiency measured by oxazepam glucuronide. Extensive sample preparation included combining osmotic lysing and protein precipitation with methanol\/acetonitrile mixture followed by freezing and centrifugation resulted in exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratios. Bias and between-and within-day imprecision for quality controls (QCs) were all within \u00b115%, except for clonazolam and etizolam that were within \u00b120%. All 29 of the 43 analytes tested for QC performance met quantitative reporting criteria within the dynamic ranges of the calibration curves, and 14 analytes, present only in the calibrator solution, were qualitatively reported. Twenty-five analytes met\u00a0all quantitative reporting criteria including dilution integrity. The ability to analyze quantitative blood and qualitative urine samples in the same batch is one of the most useful elements of this procedure. This sensitive, specific and robust analytical method was routinely employed in the analysis of &amp;gt;300 samples in our laboratory over the last 6 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T19:10:41Z","timestamp":1591902641000},"page":"708-717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Development and Validation of an LC\u2013MS-MS Method for the Detection of 40 Benzodiazepines and Three Z-Drugs in Blood and Urine by Solid-Phase Extraction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Szabolcs","family":"Sofalvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Department, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office (CCMEO), 11001 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Lavins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Department, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office (CCMEO), 11001 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire K","family":"Kaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Department, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office (CCMEO), 11001 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley M","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 190 E. Buchtel Avenue, Akron, OH 44325, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie L","family":"Mitchell-Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Department, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office (CCMEO), 11001 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn A","family":"Huestis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigino G","family":"Apollonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Department, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office (CCMEO), 11001 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, 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