{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:58:56Z","timestamp":1792151936517,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-R2-CX-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-R2-CX-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Synthetic stimulants are the largest class of novel psychoactive substances identified each year by forensic laboratories internationally. While hundreds of these drugs appear in drug powders, only a few proliferate in use among forensically relevant populations and eventually emerge in postmortem and clinical investigations. Beta-keto-methylenedioxyamphetamines (i.e., novel psychoactive substances with names ending in \u201cylone\u201d) are currently the most popular subclass of synthetic stimulants. Leading up to its federal scheduling in 2018, N-ethyl pentylone was the most encountered synthetic stimulant. The popularity of N-ethyl pentylone declined once it was scheduled, but it was quickly replaced by eutylone (bk-EBDB), a structurally related analog from the same family. In cases encountered between January 2019 and April 2020, eutylone was quantitatively confirmed in 83 forensic investigations, including postmortem cases and driving under the influence of drugs cases. Matrix types included blood, urine and tissue. Eutylone was identified in cases submitted from 13 states, demonstrating proliferation around the United States; Florida accounted for 60% of the positive cases. The mean concentration of eutylone in postmortem blood was 1,020 ng\/mL (standard deviation\u2009=\u2009\u00b12,242 ng\/mL; median\u2009=\u2009110 ng\/mL, range\u2009=\u20091.2\u201311,000 ng\/mL, n\u2009=\u200967). The mean concentration of eutylone in blood from driving under the influence of drugs cases was 942 ng\/mL (standard deviation\u2009=\u2009\u00b11,407 ng\/mL; median\u2009=\u2009140 ng\/mL, range\u2009=\u200917\u20133,600 ng\/mL, n\u2009=\u20097). This report includes cause and manner of death data for 22 postmortem cases. Further analysis of authentic human specimens revealed the presence of three eutylone metabolites, including one unique biomarker and one metabolite in common with butylone. Laboratories should be aware that eutylone may be present in cases of suspected Ecstasy, \u201cMolly\u201d and\/or methylenedioxymethamphetamine use, causing or contributing to impairment or death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T03:39:28Z","timestamp":1597894768000},"page":"8-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Eutylone Intoxications\u2014An Emerging Synthetic Stimulant in Forensic Investigations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J","family":"Krotulski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Science Research and Education at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M","family":"Papsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMS Labs, Toxicology Department, Horsham, PA 19044, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris W","family":"Chronister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Homan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMS Labs, Toxicology Department, Horsham, PA 19044, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele M","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hoyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A","family":"Goldberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry K","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMS Labs, Toxicology Department, Horsham, PA 19044, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020912454825000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx031","article-title":"Reports of adverse events associated with use of novel psychoactive substances, 2013-2016: a review","volume":"41","author":"Logan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical 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