{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:53:43Z","timestamp":1776214423008,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/00274-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/00274-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/00432-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/00432-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Considering that the use of psychoactive substances (PSs) is a risk factor to either higher intensity or frequency of suicidal behavior, hair analysis was conducted to investigate the most consumed PSs (opiates, amphetamine stimulants, marijuana, cocaine and heroin) in patients who attempted suicide and received urgent care at emergency service. Hair samples were extracted using methanol and sonicated under heating and then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During validation, the method complied with international recommended criteria, with limits of detection between 0.0025 and 0.05 ng\/mg and linearity between 0.1 and 4 ng\/mg for methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), morphine, amphetamine, 6-acetylmorphine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), fenproporex, diethylpropion and codeine; between 0.025 and 1 ng\/mg for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene and between 0.25 and 10 ng\/mg for cocaine and mazindol. A total of 109 hair samples were analyzed and segmented in 404 parts. Among all analyzed samples, 30.3% were positive for at least one PS (n\u2009=\u200933), such as cocaine (90.9%), codeine (12.1%), morphine (3.0%), MDMA (3.0%) and THC (3.0%). In segmental analysis of cocaine positive samples (n\u2009=\u200930), 76.7% of the samples indicated recent exposure to cocaine (&amp;lt;1\u2009month). This same behavior was observed when analyzing codeine (n\u2009=\u20094) and morphine (n\u2009=\u20091). THC positive samples indicated exposure dated \u223c4\u2009months prior. In conclusion, the method was validated following international recommendations for the 12 most consumed PSs in Brazil, as well as two of the most common found metabolites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T15:14:56Z","timestamp":1622214896000},"page":"577-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determination of Drugs of Abuse in Hair by LC\u2013MS-MS: Application to Suicide Attempts Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Marilia S","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-887,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Campinas Poison, Control Center, University of Campinas, R. Vital Brasil, 251 Bar\u00e3o Geraldo , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-881,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-887,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Campinas Poison, Control Center, University of Campinas, R. Vital Brasil, 251 Bar\u00e3o Geraldo , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-881,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul C","family":"Dolores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-887,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"R. M\u00e1rio Giordano, 146 Antiga 33, Jardim America , Paul\u00ednia, S\u00e3o Paulo 13140-614,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damila R","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shimadzu Brazil, Av. Tambore, 576 Tambor\u00e9 , Barueri, S\u00e3o Paulo 06460-000,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Furiozo","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-887,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Campinas Poison, Control Center, University of Campinas, R. Vital Brasil, 251 Bar\u00e3o Geraldo , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-881,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina Diniz","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-887,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9607-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luiz","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campinas Poison, Control Center, University of Campinas, R. Vital Brasil, 251 Bar\u00e3o Geraldo , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-881,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas , R. C\u00e2ndido Portinari, 200 Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-871,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420032301000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1954.16","article-title":"Barbiturate concentrations in the skin and hair of guinea pigs","volume":"22","author":"Goldblum","year":"1954","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R2","first-page":"748","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of hair for determining opiate-abuse histories","volume":"20","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R3","volume-title":"Guidelines for Testing Drugs under International Control in Hair, Sweat and Oral Fluid","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.13.291","article-title":"Hair analysis for forensic applications: is the future bright?","volume":"6","author":"Barroso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1196","article-title":"Hair analysis in forensic toxicology","volume":"1","author":"Kintz","year":"2019","journal-title":"WIREs Forensic Science"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.11.032","article-title":"First report of imatinib measurement in hair: method development and preliminary evaluation of the relation between hair and plasma concentrations with therapeutic response in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"453","author":"Capron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815607-0.00028-9","volume-title":"Critical Issues in Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Testing","author":"Garg","year":"2019","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1379603","article-title":"The interpretation of hair analysis for drugs and drug metabolites","volume":"56","author":"Cuypers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1999","article-title":"European guidelines for workplace drug and alcohol testing in hair","volume":"8","author":"Salomone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.024","article-title":"Society of Hair Testing guidelines for drug testing in hair","volume":"218","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R11","article-title":"Diretrizes sobre o exame de subst\u00e2ncias psicoativas em cabelos e pelos: coleta e an\u00e1lise","author":"Sociedade Brasileira de Toxicologia","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R12","article-title":"Guideline for Quality Control in Forensic-Toxicological Analyses","author":"Paul","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1948","article-title":"An LC-MS-MS methodological approach to the analysis of hair for amphetamine-type-stimulant (ATS) drugs, including selected synthetic cathinones and piperazines","volume":"9","author":"Lendoiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.05.055","article-title":"A quantitative, selective and fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 33 basic drugs in hair (amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, opioids and metabolites)","volume":"965","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography B"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3182a377e8","article-title":"Fast and highly selective LC-MS\/MS screening for THC and 16 other abused drugs and metabolites in human hair to monitor patients for drug abuse","volume":"36","author":"Koster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3955","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine in hair by liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7046-3","article-title":"Determination of cocaine and metabolites in hair by column-switching LC-MS-MS analysis","volume":"405","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.12.024","article-title":"Determination of cocaine and its derivatives in hair samples by liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)","volume":"274","author":"Pego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.02.019","article-title":"State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse","volume":"370","author":"Pragst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-5950-6","article-title":"Development of a simultaneous analytical method for selected anorectics, methamphetamine, MDMA, and their metabolites in hair using LC-MS\/MS to prove anorectics abuse","volume":"403","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.09.056","article-title":"Development and validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for hair analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy derivatives","volume":"798","author":"Pujadas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography B"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.11.004","article-title":"Development and validation of a single LC\u2013MS\/MS assay following SPE for simultaneous hair analysis of amphetamines, opiates, cocaine and metabolites","volume":"234","author":"Imbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.002","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of seventeen drugs of abuse and metabolites in hair using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) with GC\/MS","volume":"218","author":"Aleksa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2026041420032301000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.006","article-title":"Target screening and confirmation of 35 licit and illicit drugs and metabolites in hair by LC\u2013MSMS","volume":"217","author":"Lendoiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"}],"container-title":["Journal of Analytical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jat\/bkab058\/38654489\/bkab058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/46\/5\/577\/43773630\/bkab058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/46\/5\/577\/43773630\/bkab058.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:04:40Z","timestamp":1776211480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article\/46\/5\/577\/6288373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkab058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4760","1945-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4760","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-2403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]}}}