{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:18:42Z","timestamp":1788279522465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the contribution of ethanol metabolite detection in postmortem cases by showing the connection between the presence of ethanol metabolites, which are indicators of alcohol consumption, and the detection of potential postmortem ethanol formation in decomposed and diabetic cases. Determination of ethanol consumption before death is often one of the most important questions in death investigations. Postmortem ethanol formation or degradation products in the blood make it difficult to distinguish antemortem consumption or postmortem formation of ethanol and eventually may lead to misinterpretation. Decomposed bodies and diabetic cases are vulnerable to postmortem ethanol formation due to putrefaction, fermentation or other degradations. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are two metabolites of ethanol produced only in the antemortem time interval. In this study, EtG and EtS levels in urine and vitreous humor samples of 27 postmortem cases, including diabetic and degraded bodies were compared to ethanol results of their blood, urine and vitreous humor samples. EtG and EtS in urine and vitreous humor were analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, and ethanol was assayed by routine headspace gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detector. These cases were devoid of other influences from forensically relevant drugs, so ethanol and\/or glucose were among the only positive findings in these cases. The results of this pilot study indicate the postmortem ethanol concentrations do not correlate with the measured EtG and EtS values but are beneficial in rulings of accidental or natural deaths. This preliminary study gives additional data to help distinguish between antemortem ethanol intake and postmortem formation. EtG and EtS were well correlated positively with antemortem ethanol use instead of forming spontaneously in samples from decedents who are decomposing or have a history of diabetic hyperglycemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T11:15:35Z","timestamp":1622718935000},"page":"878-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the Compatibility of Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate Levels to Assess Alcohol Consumption in Decomposed and Diabetic Postmortem Cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8686-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aybike","family":"Dip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turkey Ministry of Justice, Council of Forensic Medicine, Chemistry Department, Adana 01120, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf","family":"Mozayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Administration of Justice, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021091705521128400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.004","article-title":"Interpreting results of ethanol analysis in postmortem specimens: a review of the literature","volume":"165","author":"Kugelberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2021091705521128400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2008.12.005","article-title":"A review of the use of ethyl glucuronide as a marker for ethanol consumption in forensic and clinical medicine","volume":"26","author":"Palmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminar in Diagnose Pathology"},{"key":"2021091705521128400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.05.009","article-title":"Fatal ethyl and methyl alcohol-related poisoning in Ankara: a retrospective analysis of 10,720 cases between 2001 and 2011","volume":"20","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Legal Medicine"},{"key":"2021091705521128400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.02.011","article-title":"Biomarkers of recent drinking, retrograde extrapolation of blood-alcohol concentration and plasma-to-blood distribution ratio in a case of driving under the influence of alcohol","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Legal Medicine"},{"key":"2021091705521128400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.2.91","article-title":"Ethyl glucuronide: an unusual ethanol metabolite in humans. 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