{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:15:50Z","timestamp":1786947350556,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award","award":["DE180100194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE180100194"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant #2013\/25601-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant #2013\/25601-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES \u2013 Pr\u00d3-Forense 25\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES \u2013 Pr\u00d3-Forense 25\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Projects","award":["DP170100036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP170100036"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Projects","award":["DP190102361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP190102361"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urine is initially collected from athletes to screen for the presence of illicit drugs. Sweat is an alternative sample matrix that provides advantages over urine including reduced opportunity for sample adulteration, longer detection-time window and non-invasive collection. Sweat is suitable for analysis of the parent drug and metabolites. In this study, a method was developed and validated to determine the presence of 13 amphetamine- and cocaine-related substances and their metabolites in sweat and urine using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The DPX extraction was performed using 0.1\u2009M HCl and dichloromethane:isopropanol:ammonium hydroxide (78:20:2, v\/v\/v) followed by derivatization with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide at 90\u00b0C for 20\u2009min. DPX extraction efficiencies ranged between 65.0% and 96.0% in urine and 68.0% and 101.0% in sweat. Method accuracy was from 90.0% to 104.0% in urine and from 89.0% to 105.0% in sweat. Intra-assay precision in urine and in sweat were &amp;lt;15.6% and &amp;lt;17.8%, respectively, and inter-assay precision ranged from 4.70% to 15.3% in urine and from 4.05% to 15.4% in sweat. Calibration curves presented a correlation coefficient \u20130.99 for all analytes in both matrices. The validated method was applied to urine and sweat samples collected from 40 professional athletes who knowingly took one or more of the target illicit drugs. Thirteen of 40 athletes were positive for at least one drug. All the drugs detected in the urine were also detected in sweat samples indicating that sweat is a viable matrix for screening or confirmatory drug testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T07:08:42Z","timestamp":1637132922000},"page":"991-998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of Stimulants in Sweat and Urine Using Disposable Pipette Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in the Context of Doping Control"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Dayanne Mozaner","family":"Bordin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Av. do Caf\u00e9 s\/n, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-903,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8229-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Geraldo","family":"de Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-901,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas , 13083-888, Campinas, SP,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Blanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350010,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Doble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Spinosa","family":"De Martinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Av. 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