{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:32:06Z","timestamp":1772850726311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>2-Benzylbenzimidazole derivatives comprise a small but forensically significant group of synthetic opioids. In humans, the metabolism of some members of this group is extensive, with little or none of the parent compound remaining. The recent detection of the 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivative, etazene (etodesnitazene), in products seized in Russia required the detection of its metabolites in biofluids for forensic toxicology purposes. Using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) and high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS), eight etazene metabolites were found in the urine and serum of rats. These were tentatively identified as products of N-deethylation, O-deethylation, hydroxylation or N-oxidation of benzimidazole moiety and combinations of these processes. The parent substance and its O-deethylated metabolite prevailed in rat serum, while in urine, the level of etazene was low compared to N,O-deethylated and N-deethylated with hydroxylation metabolites. Glucuronidated, sulfonated and glutathionated forms were not found. Taking into account reports on the study of the metabolism of other 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives in humans, it may be concluded that the mono-deethylated and mono-hydroxylated metabolites are suitable as target analytes in urine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T20:12:23Z","timestamp":1641413543000},"page":"1032-1037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Tentative Identification of Etazene (Etodesnitazene) Metabolites in Rat Serum and Urine by Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry and Accurate Mass Liquid Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5971-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Grigoryev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic-Chemical Division, Bureau of Forensic-Medical Expertise\u2019s , 1th Vladimirskaya Str. 33, Build. 1, Moscow 111401, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierce","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Saint James\u2019s Hospital , Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Saint James\u2019s Hospital , Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo , Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Rodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Trubeckaya Str. 8, Buld. 2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012411401352000_R1","article-title":"European Drug Report 2021: Trends and Developments","author":"EMCDDA","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023012411401352000_R2","article-title":"New Psychoactive Substances: Global Markets, Global Threats and the COVID-19 Pandemic. 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