{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:43:18Z","timestamp":1790912598015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2020-926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2020-926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The penetration of the new psychoactive substances (NPSs) into the market of clandestine drugs is highly dynamic, causing potentially false-negative results using the current analytical instrumentation, particularly in the screening phase. At present, the suggested approach to perform a comprehensive screening requires the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with associated high costs of purchase and maintenance and need of skilled and dedicated personnel. Here we describe the development and validation of a simplified approach based on a high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013ion trap MS system with a user-friendly interface dedicated to toxicological analysis. The system, originally intended for a broad toxicological screening, was tuned to identify new synthetic cannabinoids in hair. After a washing step with dichloromethane, hair (about 50\u2009mg) was incubated for 3\u2009h with 1.5\u2009mL ethanol. One milliliter of this solution was then dried, reconstituted with mobile phase and injected. The peak identification was based on the chromatographic retention times and MS2\/MS3 data using a database which included up to 158 NPSs. The method was validated according to international guidelines on a selected panel of NPSs, namely methyl 2-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)indazole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-ADB), 1-Pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester (5F-PB 22), N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(5-chloropentyl)indazole-3-carboxamide (5Cl-AB-PINACA), (S)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide [5F-APP-PICA (PX-1)],: (R)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide [5F-APP-PINACA (PX-2)], N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl] indazole-3-carboxamid (AB-FUBINACA), methyl (2S)-2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA), (S)-Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (MMB-2201) and (1-pentylindol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (UR-144). The tested analytical method showed detection limits between 0.065 and 0.125\u00a0ng\/mg. The intraday imprecision of the method showed average values within the range of 7.3\u201320%. The estimation of the trueness (bias) of method showed average values within the range of 1.5\u201312.3%. The analytical performance was also successfully assessed by four proficiency test samples containing NPS. No synthetic cannabinoids were detected in application to 82 hair samples from forensic cases previously analyzed with liquid chromatography\u2013MS triple quadrupole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T07:07:04Z","timestamp":1652080024000},"page":"72-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development and Validation of a Rapid Method for Identification of New Synthetic Cannabinoids in Hair Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography\u2013Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Using a Simplified User Interface"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Musile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, , University of Verona , P.le Scuro 10, Verona, Veneto 37134, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Covadonga","family":"Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, , University of Verona , P.le Scuro 10, Verona, Veneto 37134, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Murari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, , University of Verona , P.le Scuro 10, Verona, Veneto 37134, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Appolonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Bol\u2019shaya Pirogovskaya Ulitsa, 2, c t p. 4, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Tagliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Unit of Forensic Medicine, , University of Verona , P.le Scuro 10, Verona, Veneto 37134, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Bol\u2019shaya Pirogovskaya Ulitsa, 2, c t p. 4, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023022112511794900_","article-title":"World Drug Report 2020","volume-title":"World Drug Report, 2020","author":"UNODC","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","author":"UNODC Early Warning Advisory on New Psychoactive Substances","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe - update 2017","volume-title":"Perspectives on Drugs, 2017","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.030","article-title":"Next generation of novel psychoactive substances on the horizon\u2013a complex problem to face","volume":"157","author":"Zawilska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2012.07.002","article-title":"Determination of 22 synthetic cannabinoids in human hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"903","author":"Hutter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802413477396","article-title":"Screening for synthetic cannabinoids in hair by using LC-QTOF MS: A new and powerful approach to study the penetration of these new psychoactive substances in the population","volume":"54","author":"Gottardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine, Science, and the Law"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.12.029","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids in hair \u2013 Pragmatic approach for method updates, compound prevalences and concentration ranges in authentic hair samples","volume":"1006","author":"Franz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2697","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of 29 synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites, amphetamines, and cannabinoids in human whole blood by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry \u2013 A New Zealand perspective of use in 2018","volume":"12","author":"Ong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3328","article-title":"A comprehensive library-based, automated screening procedure for 46 synthetic cannabinoids in serum employing liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry with high-temperature electrospray ionization","volume":"49","author":"Huppertz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry: JMS"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114310","article-title":"A comprehensive UHPLC\u2013MS\/MS screening method for the analysis of 98 new psychoactive substances and related compounds in human hair","volume":"205","author":"Nzekoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03533-y","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of 137 drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances, and novel synthetic opioids in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF","volume":"413","author":"L\u00f3pez-Rabu\u00f1al","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201801249","article-title":"Determination of several synthetic cathinones and an amphetamine-like compound in urine by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Method validation and application to real cases","volume":"42","author":"Gerace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Separation Science"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx020","article-title":"Hair testing for drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances in a high-risk population","volume":"41","author":"Salomone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170929155628","article-title":"Hair analysis in forensic toxicology: an updated review with a special focus on pitfalls","volume":"23","author":"Kintz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801700-5.00005-4","article-title":"Hair analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology","volume":"2015","author":"Kintz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology, January"},{"key":"2023022112511794900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2020.122263","article-title":"A simple and robust method for broad range screening of hair samples for drugs of abuse using a high-throughput UHPLC-Ion Trap MS instrument","volume":"1152","author":"Musile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography. 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