{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:17:49Z","timestamp":1788315469701,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Presented are phencyclidine (PCP)-positive cases received by the Toxicology Laboratory at the Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences from local law enforcement agencies and the Office of the Medical Examiner (OME) between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. Of the 43,940 requests for testing received during that time, 898 (2.04%) were positive for PCP. These cases were evaluated for PCP concentration, additional\/concurrently reported drug concentrations and demographics. For ME cases, the cause and manner of death were also evaluated. Although the number of requests received by the Toxicology Laboratory increased each year, the percentage positive for PCP remained consistent. Subjects ranged from 18 to 71\u2009years old (median 48 years) and were predominantly black (94.19%) and male (78.49%). PCP concentrations for all case types ranged from 0.02 to 2.33 mg\/L (median 0.05 mg\/L); driving while intoxicated (DWI) cases ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 mg\/L (median 0.04 mg\/L) and ME cases ranged from 0.02 to 2.33 mg\/L (median 0.13 mg\/L). In addition to PCP, one or more drug(s) or metabolite(s) was identified concurrently in 69.49% of cases. Cannabinoids were the most frequently detected (39.8%), followed by cocaine and its metabolites (22.0%) and ethanol (18.5%). Results were similar when comparing the additional drugs reported in ME and DWI cases. PCP concentrations in ME samples were generally higher, especially for stimulant drugs. Of the 264 ME cases positive for PCP, the manner of death was determined to be an accident for the majority of cases (62.54%), and the most common cause of death was drug toxicity (35.61%). The results from this study facilitate comparison of laboratory- or region-specific data sets, help determine whether laboratory scopes meet testing needs, contribute to reference ranges and provide the foundation for well-informed policy decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T11:37:33Z","timestamp":1654947453000},"page":"891-898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phencyclidine in Drivers and Decedents in Dallas County: A Five-Year Retrospective Review of Toxicological and Demographical Data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0743-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay","family":"Glicksberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry Section, Dallas County Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences , 2355 N. Stemmons Fwy, Dallas, TX 75207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3807-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany K","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Chemistry Section, Dallas County Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences , 2355 N. Stemmons Fwy, Dallas, TX 75207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101415470174000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42917-1_26","volume-title":"Principles of Forensic Toxicology","author":"Jenkins","year":"2020","edition":"5th"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R2","article-title":"Session 16: Dissociative Anesthetics","author":"National Highway and Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA) Drug Recognition Expert Course","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R3","first-page":"181","article-title":"PCP: the treat remains","volume":"36","author":"U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microgram Bulletin"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx082","article-title":"Recommendations for toxicological investigations of drug-impaired driving and motor vehicle fatalities \u2013 2017 update","volume":"42","author":"Logan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab064","article-title":"Recommendations for toxicological investigations of drug-impaired driving and motor vehicle fatalities \u2013 2021 update","volume":"45","author":"D\u2019Orazio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/22.10.1623","article-title":"Detection and quantitation of phencyclidine in blood by use of [2H5]phencyclidine and select ion monitoring applied to non-fatal cases of phencyclidine intoxication","volume":"22","author":"Pearce","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/2.6.233","article-title":"Phencyclidine abuse: plasma levels and clinical findings in casual users and in phencyclidine-related deaths","volume":"2","author":"Bailey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/3.5.199","article-title":"Phencyclidine-related deaths: a report of nine fatal cases","volume":"3","author":"Cravey","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/3.6.238","article-title":"The phencyclidine-intoxicated driver","volume":"3","author":"Clardy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/3.2.47","article-title":"Detection of phencyclidine in medical examiner cases","volume":"3","author":"Caplan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.6.498","article-title":"Phencyclidine blood concentrations in DRE cases","volume":"21","author":"Kunsman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01687.x","article-title":"Phencyclidine: a 5-year retrospective review from the New York City medical examiner\u2019s office","volume":"56","author":"deRoux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz111","article-title":"Toxicological and demographic profiles of phencyclidine-impaired driving cases in Houston","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R14","article-title":"Phencyclidine (PCP) prevalence and demographics in driving while intoxicated\/driving under the influence of drugs (DWI\/DUID) and postmortem casework in Harris County, Texas, 2013-2018","author":"Skillman","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R15","author":"Tex. Penal Code \u00a749.09","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/2.2.50","article-title":"A rapid comprehensive screening procedure for basic drugs in blood or tissues by gas chromatography","volume":"2","author":"Foerster","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2022101415470174000_R17","first-page":"64","article-title":"\u201cSmoking wet\u201d respiratory failure related to smoking tainted marijuana cigarettes","volume":"40","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Texas Heart Institute Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Analytical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jat\/bkac035\/44263777\/bkac035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/46\/8\/891\/46535527\/bkac035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/46\/8\/891\/46535527\/bkac035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T21:27:52Z","timestamp":1665782872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article\/46\/8\/891\/6605828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkac035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4760","1945-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4760","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-2403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]}}}