{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:33:37Z","timestamp":1789065217929,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunoassays are routinely used to provide rapid urine drug screening results in the clinical setting. These screening tests are prone to false-positive results and ideally require confirmation by mass spectrometry. In this study, we have examined a large number of urine specimens where drugs other than amphetamines may have caused a false-positive amphetamine immunoassay screening result. Urine drug screens (12,250) in a clinical laboratory that used the CEDIA amphetamine\/ecstasy method were reviewed for false-positive results over a 6-year period (2015\u20132020). An additional 3,486 referred samples, for which confirmatory--mass spectrometry was requested, were also reviewed. About 86 in-house samples and 175 referral samples that were CEDIA false-positive screens were further analyzed by an LC\u2013QTOF general unknown screen. Potential cross-reacting drugs were identified, and their molecular similarities to the CEDIA targets were determined. Commercial standards were also analyzed for cross-reactivity in the amphetamine\/ecstasy CEDIA screen. Positive amphetamine results in 3.9% of in-house samples and 9.9% of referred tests for confirmatory analysis were false positive for amphetamines. Of these false-positive specimens, on average, 6.8 drugs were detected by the LC\u2013QTOF screen. Several drugs were identified as possible cross-reacting drugs to the CEDIA amphetamine\/ecstasy assay. Maximum common substructure scores for 70 potential cross-reacting compounds were calculated. This was not helpful in identifying cross-reacting drugs. False-positive amphetamine screens make up to 3.9\u20139.9% of positive amphetamine screens in the clinical laboratory. Knowledge of cross-reacting drugs may be helpful when mass spectrometry testing is unavailable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T17:09:34Z","timestamp":1668186574000},"page":"263-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["False-Positive Amphetamines in Urine Drug Screens: A 6-Year Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Pope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Alfred Health , 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh St., Southbank, VIC 3006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8953-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf 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