{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:30Z","timestamp":1787009070224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Etizolam is a benzodiazepine (BZD). Etizolam is structurally different from BZDs as a thiophene replaces the benzene ring and a triazole ring is fused to the diazepine ring, but etizolam\u2019s pharmacological profile is similar. Etizolam has been used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, to reduce depressive and somatization symptoms and to induce muscle relaxation. Etizolam is used recreationally due to its reinforcing and sedative effects. Etizolam is available in tablet or powder form or administered on blotter paper that can be placed on the tongue for oral absorption. Etizolam metabolizes into two major metabolites: \u03b1-hydroxyetizolam and 8-hydroxyetizolam, and all three compounds can be detected in different biological specimens using various common analytical techniques such as immunoassay, chromatography and mass spectrometry. Etizolam is a controlled drug in many countries around the globe but is approved for medical use in some countries, such as Japan, South Korea and Italy. This work is a collation and review of available literature on etizolam to help improve the fundamental understanding of its toxicology, outline best analytical practice, and aid interpretation of toxicology results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T12:34:24Z","timestamp":1670416464000},"page":"216-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Etizolam and Its Major Metabolites: A Short Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Abdul Aziz","family":"Al Bahri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Toxicologist Specialist, Forensic Science Laboratory , PO Box 446, Muscat, 113, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary J","family":"Hamnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor in Forensic Science, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln , Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032411260094000_","article-title":"Etizolam (Trade Names: Etilaam, Etizest, Depas, Etizola, Sedekopan, Pasaden)","volume-title":"DEA PRB 03-24-20-11","author":"Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023032411260094000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.144943","article-title":"A case of etizolam dependence","volume":"46","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023032411260094000_","article-title":"Etizolam: critical review report","author":"Expert Committee on Drug Dependence","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023032411260094000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058901700507","article-title":"Etizolam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Bertolino","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of International Medical Research"},{"key":"2023032411260094000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(99)00053-X","article-title":"The use and development of anxiolytics in Japan","volume":"6","author":"Yamawaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2023032411260094000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2008.01920.x","article-title":"Survey of benzodiazepine and antidepressant use in outpatients with mood disorders in Japan","volume":"63","author":"Uchida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023032411260094000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.007","article-title":"New benzodiazepines for sedation","volume":"32","author":"Cornett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. 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