{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:12:12Z","timestamp":1793394732408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous methods and techniques have been published for the identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their metabolites in urine. However, there lacks a holistic approach to analyze different groups of NPS and their metabolites with decision points for reporting their use. In this study, data-dependent acquisition workflow using liquid chromatography--quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the identification of a total of 94 NPS and metabolites in urine using the established decision points. The limit of identification for all analytes was determined at 25% below their respective decision points. The method was demonstrated to be accurate and precise at their respective decision points with extraction recoveries and ion suppression\/enhancement ranging from 51.0% to 103.5% and \u221281.6% to 159.1%, respectively. There was no observed carryover up to 200\u2009ng\/mL for all analytes and no interferences from urine matrixes, internal standards and other common drugs of abuse. The extracted drug analytes were stable at 4 and 15\u00b0C for up to 3\u2009days. The validated method was successfully evaluated and applied in the testing of urine samples from NPS users. In conclusion, this validated method can analyze a wide range of NPS and their metabolites with the use of decision points for consistency in reporting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1675075799000},"page":"366-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Qualitative Confirmation of 94 New Psychoactive Substances and Metabolites in Urine Using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2115-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn Mei Ling","family":"Goh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority , 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue Qin","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority , 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2896-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching Yee","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority , 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8169-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asimah","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority , 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooi Yan","family":"Moy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority , 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041410544076300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.315","article-title":"Some new psychoactive substances: Precursor chemicals and synthesis-driven end-products","volume":"3","author":"Michael","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Testing and 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