{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:53:48Z","timestamp":1768737228478,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Postmortem whole blood samples can differ greatly in quality where hyperlipemia is a frequent variable that can influence the results of analytical methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lipemia on postmortem analysis as well as demonstrate the usage of Intralipid in comparison to pooled postmortem lipids as matrix additives for meaningful evaluation and validation of hyperlipidemic postmortem samples. Hyperlipidemic blood samples were simulated by adding different concentrations of Intralipid or pooled authentic postmortem lipids to bovine whole blood. The hyperlipidemic blood samples were spiked with 14 benzodiazepines and five sedative and antianxiety drugs (alprazolam, clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, hydroxyzine, lorazepam, midazolam, nitrazepam, 7-aminonitrazepam, nordazepam, oxazepam, propiomazine, dihydropropiomazine, temazepam, triazolam, zolpidem and zopiclone). Samples were prepared with liquid-liquid extraction followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. The effects of lipemia on the recovery of analytes and internal standards (ISs) were evaluated to determine the effect of, and any differences between, the two additives. Lipemia was found to cause major interference when quantifying the analytes. For most analytes, the ISs could compensate for analyte losses. However, the most hydrophilic analytes (7-amino metabolites), together with the most lipophilic analytes (propiomazine and dihydropropiomazine), were greatly affected by lipemia (&amp;lt;50% recovery), and the IS could not compensate for analyte losses. In general, lower analyte recoveries were observed for samples with Intralipid as a lipemic additive in comparison to those containing pooled postmortem lipids. Both Intralipid and pooled postmortem lipids showed marked effects on the analytical results. Intralipid gave a good indication of the effects of lipemia and could be a useful tool for making a meaningful evaluation of hyperlipidemic postmortem samples during the method development and validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T16:52:00Z","timestamp":1683046320000},"page":"529-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intralipid as a matrix additive for evaluating hyperlipidemic postmortem blood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Elenst\u00e5l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine , Artillerigatan 12, Link\u00f6ping SE-58758, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine , Artillerigatan 12, Link\u00f6ping SE-58758, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping SE-581 83, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Kronstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine , Artillerigatan 12, Link\u00f6ping SE-58758, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping SE-581 83, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Elmsj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine , Artillerigatan 12, Link\u00f6ping SE-58758, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072218584945100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2014.008","article-title":"Lipemia: causes, interference mechanisms, detection and management","volume":"24","author":"Nikolac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-001-0036-5","article-title":"Recent findings in the study of postprandial lipemia","volume":"3","author":"Parks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2004.01.005","article-title":"A study of matrix effects on an LC\/MS\/MS assay for olanzapine and desmethyl olanzapine","volume":"35","author":"Chin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207322666190722155106","article-title":"False negative D vitamin measurement in LC-MS\/MS method due to hyperlipidemia: case report","volume":"22","author":"Gonel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154514","article-title":"Lipemia in the plasma sample affects fentanyl measurements by means of HPLC-MS2 after liquid-liquid extraction","volume":"26","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R6","article-title":"Guideline on Bioanalytical Method Validation","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R7","article-title":"Bioanalytical Method Validation \u2013 Guidance for Industry","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services\/Federal Drug Agency\/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)\/Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R8","article-title":"Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology","author":"American Academy of Forensic Sciences","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.14.252","article-title":"European Bioanalysis Forum: recommendation on dealing with hemolyzed and hyperlipidemic samples","volume":"6","author":"Ingelse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.006","article-title":"Evaluation of errors in a clinical laboratory: a one-year experience","volume":"48","author":"Goswami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1925-2","article-title":"Post-mortem in situ stability of serum markers of cerebral damage and acute phase response","volume":"133","author":"Ondruschka","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2010.10.012","article-title":"Investigation of endogenous blood plasma phospholipids, cholesterol and glycerides that contribute to matrix effects in bioanalysis by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"878","author":"Ismaiel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography B"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw084","article-title":"Stability of 26 sedative hypnotics in six toxicological matrices at different storage conditions","volume":"40","author":"Mata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.04.001","article-title":"Stability tests of zopiclone in whole blood","volume":"200","author":"Nilsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"2023072218584945100_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.14.33","article-title":"Choosing the appropriate matrix to perform a scientifically meaningful lipemic plasma test in bioanalytical method validation","volume":"6","author":"Mayrand-Provencher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Analytical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jat\/bkad025\/50280224\/bkad025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/47\/6\/529\/50936479\/bkad025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/47\/6\/529\/50936479\/bkad025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T18:59:24Z","timestamp":1690052364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article\/47\/6\/529\/7148123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkad025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4760","1945-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4760","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-2403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]}}}