{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:18:52Z","timestamp":1791652732961,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES-Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES-Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES-Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES-Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is an increasing number of people affected worldwide by mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. One of the main courses of treatment, along with psychotherapy, is the use of psychoactive medications, like antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Also, the unprescribed use of these substances is a concerning public health issue. Hence, the analysis of psychotropic medications is mandatory in postmortem toxicology and various biological samples can be used for this detection, among them the vitreous humor (VH) stands out. Also, there is a demand for more sustainable and more efficient extraction methodologies according to green chemistry. An example is solid phase microextraction techniques (SPME), which use a solid sorbent and small solvent amounts. Biosorbents are substances of natural origin with sorptive properties, and they have been successfully used in SPME in environmental toxicology for water analysis, mainly. This study aimed to develop a sustainable, fast, cheap and simple SPME methodology using cork sheet strips as a biosorbent, to extract antidepressants, benzodiazepines and others from VH samples by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction was conducted in a 96-well plate using 200\u2009\u00b5L of VH and optimization of relevant parameters for extraction was performed. For solvent optimization, two simplex-centroid experiments were planned for extraction and desorption and to evaluate time and pH, a Doehlert design experiment was performed. The analytical method for the determination and quantification of 17 substances was validated. The quantification limits were 5\u2009ng\/mL for all analytes and the calibration curves were linear between 5 and 30\u2009ng\/mL. This study was able to develop an efficient, cheap, simple and fast microextraction method for 17 analytes in VH, using strips of cork sheet for extraction and a 96-well plate as a container. Furthermore, this approach system could be automated for routine toxicology laboratories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T16:58:02Z","timestamp":1690563482000},"page":"580-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cork sheet as an efficient biosorbent for\u00a0forensic toxicology: Application to vitreous humor analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Daniela Souza","family":"Ossanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Birk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Ubirajara Silva","family":"Petry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Postmortem Inspection , Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Paz","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Postmortem Inspection , Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsandro Pinto","family":"Gonzaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Postmortem Inspection , Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Flores","family":"Schlickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Postmortem Inspection , Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar Vila Nova, Porto Alegre, RS 91750-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Eller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2594-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Franco","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091515445935700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00359-7","article-title":"Anxiety disorders","volume":"397","author":"Penninx","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2023091515445935700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.5057","article-title":"Treatment of\u00a0adult depression in\u00a0the United States","volume":"176","author":"Olfson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2023091515445935700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3233\/JRS-200006","article-title":"What have antidepressants been tested for? A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"G\u00f8tzsche","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine"},{"key":"2023091515445935700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint13040059","article-title":"Benzodiazepines: uses, dangers, and\u00a0clinical considerations","volume":"13","author":"Edinoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology International"},{"key":"2023091515445935700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.22456\/2527-2616.111711","article-title":"Post mortem changes: challenges in\u00a0drug analysis in\u00a0the diagnosis of\u00a0deaths from intoxication","volume":"5","author":"Galera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Analytical Research"},{"key":"2023091515445935700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-021-00596-5","article-title":"Alternative matrices in\u00a0forensic toxicology: a critical 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