{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:53:53Z","timestamp":1790916833678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Assessing benzene exposure is a public health priority due to its deleterious health effects and ubiquitous industrial and environmental sources of exposure. Phenyl mercapturic acid (PhMA) is a commonly used urinary biomarker to assess benzene exposure. However, recent work has identified significant interlaboratory variation in urinary PhMA concentrations related to methodological differences. In this study, we present urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid (pre-PhMA), a metabolite that undergoes acid-catalyzed dehydration to form PhMA, as a novel and specific urinary biomarker for assessing benzene exposure. We developed and validated the first quantitative liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry assay for measuring urinary concentrations of pre-PhMA. The pH effect on the method of ruggedness testing determined that pre-PhMA is stable across the normal human urine pH range and that neutral conditions must be maintained throughout quantification for robust and accurate measurement of urinary pre-PhMA concentrations. The method exhibited below 2\u2009ng\/mL sensitivity for pre-PhMA, linearity over three orders of magnitude, and precision and accuracy within 10%. Urinary pre-PhMA concentrations were assessed in 369 human urine samples. Smoking individuals exhibited elevated levels of pre-PhMA compared to non-smoking individuals. Furthermore, the relationship between benzene exposure and urinary pre-PhMA levels was explored by examining the correlation of pre-PhMA with 2-cyanoethyl mercapturic acid, a smoke exposure biomarker. The urinary biomarkers exhibited a positive correlation (r\u2009=\u20090.720), indicating that pre-PhMA levels increased with benzene exposure. The results of this study demonstrate that urinary pre-PhMA is a rugged and effective novel biomarker of benzene exposure that can be widely implemented for future biomonitoring studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T15:22:55Z","timestamp":1693063375000},"page":"597-605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of\u00a0urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid as a novel biomarker of\u00a0benzene exposure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett A","family":"Bowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica V","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon W","family":"Goldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny Y","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna M","family":"Elio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-2739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091515445229900_R1","article-title":"Benzene: IARC Monographs on\u00a0the Evaluation of\u00a0Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023091515445229900_R2","article-title":"Toxicological Profile for\u00a0Benzene, Agency for\u00a0Toxic Substances and\u00a0Disease Registry","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023091515445229900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.01.016","article-title":"Gasoline: a complex chemical mixture, or a dangerous vehicle for\u00a0benzene exposure?","volume":"184","author":"Keenan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"2023091515445229900_R4","first-page":"1339","article-title":"An expanded cohort study of\u00a0cancer among benzene-exposed workers in\u00a0China. 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