{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:14:14Z","timestamp":1786947254442,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DA033934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DA033934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Justice Research and Development in Forensic Science for Criminal Justice","award":["15PNIJ-21-GG-04188-RESS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15PNIJ-21-GG-04188-RESS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There has been a surge in the presence and use of cannabinoids since the federal legalization of hemp (Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018). This increase is attributed not only to the use of \u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u22069-THC) and cannabidiol, the most abundant phytocannabinoid components of cannabis and hemp, respectively, but also to the use of many other emerging THC analogs. Structurally, these analogs are similar to \u22069-THC. Urine specimens for drug analysis are often collected offsite and transported to a laboratory for analysis. Screening assays are usually the first step in urine drug testing. These assays are usually qualitative and automated, which for negative specimens, reduce cost and reporting time. The stability of \u22069-THC and its metabolites has been known for some time; however, the stability of emerging analogs has not been elucidated, and therefore, assuming equivalent storage stability can be erroneous. Previous work assessed the cross-reactivity of \u22068-THC and its major metabolites, the \u220610-THC chiral analogs and the chiral 11-COOH-hexahydrocannabinol analogs. Stability was assessed for each analyte at a concentration two times greater than the analytes\u2019 determined decision point. Samples were prepared in drug-free urine at three different pHs (4.5, 7 and 9) and stored at three different temperatures (4\u00b0C, 20\u00b0C and 45\u00b0C) in triplicate. Samples were analyzed utilizing the Lin-Zhi International Cannabinoids Enzyme Immunoassay cannabinoid screening kit calibrated at the 25\u2009ng\/mL cut-off. Overall, the cannabinoid analogs produced diminishing instrument responses depending on pH and temperature. The parent analogs were not detected after a single day at 45\u00b0C regardless of pH. In general, carboxylic acid analogs at the acidic pH (4.5) produced diminished instrument responses when compared to their counterparts stored at neutral (7) and basic (9) pH. The time, storage temperature and pH of urine specimens may affect the screening results of specimens collected for cannabinoid drug screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T18:43:24Z","timestamp":1692816204000},"page":"726-731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The preanalytical stability of\u00a0emerging cannabinoid analogs (delta-8 THC and\u00a0its metabolites, delta-10 THC and\u00a0carboxy-HHC) in\u00a0urine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4742-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley A","family":"Pokhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Box 843079, Richmond, VA 23284-3079,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5470-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin L","family":"Poklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace R","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Box 980165, Richmond, VA 23298-0165,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5249-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl E","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Box 843079, Richmond, VA 23284-3079,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Box 980165, Richmond, VA 23298-0165,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072401214524700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad059","article-title":"The cross reactivity of\u00a0cannabinoid analogs (delta-8-THC, delta-10-THC and\u00a0CBD), their metabolites, and\u00a0chiral carboxy HHC metabolites in\u00a0urine of\u00a0six commercially available homogeneous immunoassays","author":"Wolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2026072401214524700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12090801","article-title":"Effects of\u00a0the storage conditions on\u00a0the stability of\u00a0natural and\u00a0synthetic cannabis in\u00a0biological matrices for\u00a0forensic toxicology analysis: an update from the literature","volume":"12","author":"Djilali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"2026072401214524700_R3","first-page":"160","article-title":"Stability of\u00a0cannabinoids in\u00a0urine in\u00a0three storage temperatures","volume":"28","author":"Golding Fraga","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science"},{"key":"2026072401214524700_R4","article-title":"LZI Cannabinoids (cTHC) 25 Enzyme Immunoassay (package insert)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Analytical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jat\/bkad061\/51543045\/bkad061.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/47\/8\/726\/52760875\/bkad061.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/47\/8\/726\/52760875\/bkad061.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:21:52Z","timestamp":1784870512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article\/47\/8\/726\/7250140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkad061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4760","1945-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4760","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-2403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]}}}