{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:53:53Z","timestamp":1778867633599,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>ostmortem redistribution (PMR), a well-known phenomenon in forensic toxicology, can result in substantial changes in drug concentrations after death, depending on the chemical characteristics of the drug, blood collection site, storage conditions of the body and postmortem interval (PMI). Limited PMR data are available for \u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component in Cannabis sativa. PMR was evaluated after controlled cannabis inhalation via a smoking machine and exposure chamber in New Zealand white rabbits. Necropsies were performed on five control rabbits immediately after euthanasia, whereas 27 others were stored at room temperature (21\u00b0C) or refrigerated conditions (4\u00b0C) until necropsy at 2, 6, 16, 24 or 36\u2009h after death. THC and its Phase I and glucuronidated Phase II metabolites were quantified in blood, vitreous humor, urine, bile and tissues by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS-MS). Under refrigerated temperature, heart blood THC concentrations significantly increased at PMI 2\u2009h in rabbits, whereas peripheral blood THC concentrations showed a significant increase at PMI 16\u2009h. Central:peripheral blood and liver:peripheral blood ratios for THC ranged from 0.13 to 4.1 and 0.28 to 8.9, respectively. Lung revealed the highest THC concentrations, while brain and liver exhibited the most stable\u00a0THC concentrations over time. This report contributes much needed data to our understanding of postmortem THC behavior and can aid toxicologists in the interpretation of THC concentrations in medicolegal death investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:58:18Z","timestamp":1695862698000},"page":"850-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Time- and\u00a0temperature-dependent postmortem \u22069-tetrahydrocannabinol concentration changes in\u00a0rabbits following controlled inhaled cannabis administration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0887-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacey D","family":"Cliburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University , 205 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States"},{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Examiner , Toxicology Laboratory, 921 NE 23rd St, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip M","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Randall University , Biology Department, 3701 S I-35 Service Rd, Moore, OK 73160, United States"},{"name":"School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences , 1111 W. 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn A","family":"Huestis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences , 1111 W. 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States"},{"name":"Institute for Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University , 683 Shore Road, Severna, MD 21146, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarrad R","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences , 1111 W. 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Payton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University , 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University , 205 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of 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