{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:30Z","timestamp":1787009070292,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urine drug screening by immunoassay is a common method to quickly identify drug exposures in the emergency setting and to detect unexpected drug exposures in a variety of patient care and occupational health settings. Although they provide rapid results, immunoassays are susceptible to cross-reactivity with other medications and metabolites. Herein we evaluate the performance of the Thermo Scientific DRI Amphetamines immunoassay for reactivity with trazodone, aripiprazole, atomoxetine, solriamfetol and relevant metabolites. Each of these compounds were spiked into drug-free urine across a range of concentrations and assessed for positivity on amphetamine screen. We demonstrate that the Thermo Scientific DRI assay is susceptible to interferences from m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), the main metabolite of trazodone, and solriamfetol. Characterization of assay-specific interferences in toxicology screening is instrumental for accurate interpretation of toxicology results, evaluation of patients in emergent settings and supporting patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T02:58:03Z","timestamp":1701485883000},"page":"126-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Solriamfetol and\u00a0m-chlorophenylpiperazine cause false positive amphetamine results on\u00a0urine drug screening"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ashley R","family":"Rackow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1421-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire E","family":"Knezevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024030117230318700_R1","article-title":"MD Statute \u00a7 19-308.9 (914 & rev. 2023)","author":"The Josh Diems Act"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku075","article-title":"False-positive interferences of\u00a0common urine drug screen immunoassays: a review","volume":"38","author":"Saitman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/anatox\/35.3.183","article-title":"Dimethylamylamine: a drug causing positive immunoassay results for\u00a0amphetamines","volume":"35","author":"Vorce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-1834-RIBPIA","article-title":"Reduced interference by phenothiazines in\u00a0amphetamine drug of\u00a0abuse immunoassays","volume":"130","author":"Melanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R5","first-page":"42","article-title":"False-positive TDxFLx\u00ae urine amphetamine\/metamphetamine II assay from ofloxacin","volume":"12","author":"Nomier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-010-0131-5","article-title":"Frequency of\u00a0false positive amphetamine screens due to bupropion using the Syva Emit II Immunoassay","volume":"7","author":"Casey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz051","article-title":"False positive amphetamines and\u00a03,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine immunoassays in\u00a0the presence of\u00a0metoprolol - two cases reported in\u00a0clinical toxicology","volume":"44","author":"Leclercq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/34.9.587","article-title":"Trazodone, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (an hallucinogenic drug and\u00a0trazodone metabolite), and\u00a0the hallucinogen trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine cross-react with the EMIT\u00aeII Ecstasy immunoassay in\u00a0urine","volume":"34","author":"Logan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/anatox\/35.6.364","article-title":"The trazodone metabolite meta-chlorophenylpiperazine can cause false-positive urine amphetamine immunoassay results","volume":"35","author":"Baron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R10","article-title":"Effect of\u00a0the solriamfetol drug on\u00a0amphetamine immunoassay","author":"Kumar","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3333","article-title":"Case reports of\u00a0aripiprazole causing false-positive urine amphetamine drug screens in\u00a0children","volume":"136","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152126","article-title":"Aripiprazole causing false positive 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Interactions"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.019471","article-title":"Detection of\u00a0novel reactive metabolites of\u00a0trazodone: evidence for\u00a0CYP2D6-mediated bioactivation of\u00a0m-chlorophenylpiperazine","volume":"36","author":"Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.2001.880508.x","article-title":"Effects of\u00a0genetic polymorphism of\u00a0CYP1A2 inducibility on\u00a0the steady-state plasma concentrations of\u00a0trazodone and\u00a0its active metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine in\u00a0depressed Japanese patients","volume":"88","author":"Mihara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Toxicology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199710000-00004","article-title":"Effects of\u00a0trazodone and\u00a0fluoxetine in\u00a0the treatment of\u00a0major depression: therapeutic pharmacokinetic and\u00a0pharmacodynamic interactions through formation of\u00a0meta-chlorophenylpiperazine","volume":"17","author":"Maes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.174649","article-title":"Prescription compliance or illicit designer drug abuse?","volume":"58","author":"Petrie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2024030117230318700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.12.001","article-title":"A phase I, randomized, crossover, open-label study of\u00a0the pharmacokinetics of\u00a0solriamfetol (JZP-110) in\u00a0healthy adult subjects with and\u00a0without food","volume":"41","author":"Zomorodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical 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