{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:06:15Z","timestamp":1792785975207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victorian Department of Health and Human Services"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2001107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2001107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Victorian Department of Health and Human Services"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2001107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2001107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) continues to challenge toxicology laboratories. In particular, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime considers designer benzodiazepines to be a current primary threat among all NPSs. Herein, we report detection of a new emerging designer benzodiazepine, clobromazolam, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and untargeted data acquisition in combination with a \u201csuspect screening\u201d method built from the crowd-sourced HighResNPS.com database. Our laboratory first detected clobromazolam in emergency department presenting intoxications included within the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia\u2014Victoria project in the state of Victoria, Australia, from April 2022 to March 2023. Clobromazolam was the most frequent designer benzodiazepine detected in this cohort (100\/993 cases, 10%). No patients reported intentional administration of clobromazolam, although over half reported exposure to alprazolam, which was detected in only 7% of cases. Polydrug use was prevalent (98%), with phenazepam (45%), methylamphetamine (71%) and other benzodiazepines (60%) most frequently co-detected. This is the first case series published in the literature concerning clobromazolam in clinical patients. The identification of clobromazolam in patients presenting to emergency departments in Victoria demonstrates how high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with the HighResNPS.com database can be a valuable tool to assist toxicology laboratories in keeping abreast of emerging psychoactive drug use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkae012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:29:19Z","timestamp":1707784159000},"page":"273-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Identification of clobromazolam in Australian emergency department intoxications using data-independent high-resolution mass spectrometry and the HighResNPS.com database"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared W","family":"Castle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8109-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekka","family":"Syrjanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Austin Health, Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Hospital , 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3490-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Di Rago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8870-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University , Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun L","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Austin Health, Emergency Department, Austin Hospital , 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School , Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7161-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda L","family":"Glowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7958-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Gerostamoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University , 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, VIC 3006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110408354341900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1135\/cccc19831477","article-title":"Synthesis of two 1-substituted 8-bromo-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-4H-s-triazolo [4, 3-a]-1, 4-benzodiazepines","volume":"48","author":"Vejd\u011blek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R2","article-title":"Novel Benzodiazepines: A Review of the Evidence of Use and Harms of Novel Benzodiazepines","author":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs London","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-022-00616-y","article-title":"The 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A dosage survey of designer benzodiazepines in counterfeit pharmaceutical tablets","volume":"14","author":"Blakey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14108","article-title":"From signal to alert: a cluster of exposures to counterfeit alprazolam tablets containing five novel benzodiazepines","volume":"35","author":"Syrjanen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine Australasia"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104245","article-title":"Characteristics and time course of benzodiazepine-type new psychoactive substance detections in Australia: results from the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia\u2014Victoria project 2020\u20132022","volume":"122","author":"Syrjanen","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R37","article-title":"An exploration of the relationship between the use of methamphetamine and prescription drugs","volume":"6","author":"Lamonica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.07.012","article-title":"\u201cI love having benzos after my coke shot\u201d: the use of psychotropic medication among cocaine users in downtown Montreal","volume":"49","author":"Motta-Ochoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.06.004","article-title":"Motivations for non-medical prescription drug use: a mixed methods analysis","volume":"39","author":"Rigg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042613491099","article-title":"Perceived drug use functions and risk reduction practices among high-risk nonmedical users of prescription drugs","volume":"43","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104251","article-title":"A risk-based approach to community illicit drug toxicosurveillance: operationalisation of the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia\u2014Victoria (EDNAV) project","volume":"122","author":"Syrjanen","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"2024110408354341900_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Analytical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jat\/bkae012\/56914449\/bkae012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/48\/5\/273\/60386001\/bkae012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/48\/5\/273\/60386001\/bkae012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T03:36:01Z","timestamp":1730691361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article\/48\/5\/273\/7624899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkae012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4760","1945-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4760","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-2403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]}}}