{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:25:08Z","timestamp":1791483908899,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-MU-MU-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-MU-MU-0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DA033934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DA033934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-MU-MU-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-MU-MU-0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DA033934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DA033934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) can contain a variety of chemicals to impart flavors, smells and pharmacological effects. Surveillance studies have identified hundreds of chemicals used in e-liquids that have known health and safety implications. Ethyl acetate has been identified as a common constituent of e-liquids. Ethyl acetate is rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol in vivo. Animal studies have demonstrated that inhaling &amp;gt;2,000\u2009mg\/L ethyl acetate can lead to the accumulation of ethanol in the blood at concentrations &amp;gt;1,000\u2009mg\/L, or 0.10%. A \u201cHeisenberg\u201d e-liquid was submitted to the Laboratory for Forensic Toxicology Research for analysis after a random workplace drug test resulted in a breath test result of 0.019% for a safety-sensitive position employee. Analysis of this sample resulted in the detection of 1,488\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009mg\/L ethyl acetate. The evaluation of purchased \u201cHeisenberg\u201d e-liquids determined that these products contain ethyl acetate. The identification of ethyl acetate in e-liquids demonstrates poor regulatory oversight and enforcement that potentially has consequences for breath ethanol testing and interpretations. The accumulation of ethanol in the breath from the ingestion\/inhalation of ethyl acetate from an e-liquid used prior to a breath test may contribute to the detection of ethanol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkae044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T10:18:26Z","timestamp":1716977906000},"page":"413-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ethyl acetate in e-liquids: Implications for breath testing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0474-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaina K","family":"Holt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , 1015 West Main Street, Room 2015, Richmond, VA 23284, United States"},{"name":"Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University , PO Box 842030, Richmond, VA 23284, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby M","family":"Veeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , 1015 West Main Street, Room 2015, Richmond, VA 23284, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin L","family":"Poklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University , 112 East Clay Street, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle R","family":"Peace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , 1015 West Main Street, Room 2015, Richmond, VA 23284, United 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